Energy Efficiency Retrofitting of Buildings Challenges and Methods", Diller, Anthony; Edmondson, Jerry; Luo, Yongxian (2004). Its first railway line, a short 3-km long metre-gauge railway that connects southern Vientiane to Thailand, only opened in 2009. Laos is simply one of those places that will capture your heart for years to come. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. [41] Under French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which was seen by the French colonists as a rational solution to a labour shortage within the confines of an Indochina-wide colonial space. [53] In 1979, there were 50,000 PAVN troops stationed in Laos and as many as 6,000 civilian Vietnamese officials including 1,000 directly attached to the ministries in Vientiane. 4 min. [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. Vientiane suffered greatly during the conflict between the kingdom's army and Siamese forces in 1827. [47][46], Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. Laos Capital City, Vientiane. However, historians claim the city was an ancient Khmer settlement that formed around a Hindu temple. [139]:19, The martial art of muay Lao, the national sport,[180] is a form of kickboxing similar to Thailand's muay Thai, Burmese Lethwei and Cambodian Pradal Serey. It has failed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup or the AFC Asian Cup, but has participated in minor competitions like the AFC Solidarity Cup and the AFF Championship. [109], Laos and Vietnamese (SRV) troops were reported to have raped and killed four Christian Hmong women in Xiangkhouang Province in 2011, according to the US-based non-governmental public policy research organisation The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, which also said other Christian and independent Buddhist and animist believers were being persecuted. Choose our custom designed, flexible and unique Laos Tour Packages. In 1990 only 8% of the rural population had access to improved sanitation. [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. Between 20,000 and 62,000 Laotians died during the civil war. With one-party state status of Laos, the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the supreme leader. Get an insider's access to these Asia's exotic countries: Thailand, Vietnam and Laos.Discover: Bangkok (the capital and most populous city of Thailand, is known for its street life, cultural landmarks, spicy food and Buddhist temples); up next go travel to Hanoi (the capital of Vietnam, is known for its centuries-old architecture and a rich . [13] After a period of internal conflict, Lan Xang broke into three separate kingdoms: Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak. [75], Some Hmong groups fought as CIA-backed units on the royalist side in the Laotian Civil War. This land area is approximately 59% of the area of California. Giant Buddha Statue Plan Rankles Residents of Laos' Capital: Report By Sebastian Strangio A Chinese firm's plans to build a 100-meter-high Buddha statue in low-lying Vientiane encapsulate China . The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. French is used in government and commerce, and Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie. Em 2009, um antigo crnio foi encontrado em uma caverna nas montanhas Annamite, no norte do Laos. Vientiane became one of the most important settlements in the kingdom, and in 1563 it became the kingdom's capital. Laos will . The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. It is evident throughout the country, expressed in language, temples and the arts and literature. [13] Because of its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade and became wealthy economically and culturally. [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. Great day in Vientiane, the capital of Laos. After the Pathet Lao took over the country in 1975, the conflict continued in isolated pockets. Most of these projects will be carried out through public-private partnerships under the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model as the government is encouraging the private sector . Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). The indigenous Khmers are believed to have been largely displaced or killed during the 11th and 12th centuries, when the Lao people entered the region. Laosul i are originile n Imperiul Lan Xang ce a existat ntre secolele XIV i XVIII.. Dup o perioad de apartenen la Imperiul Colonial . Foreign enterprises must report on their performance annually and submit annual financial statements to MPI. Residents of the capital Vientiane are barred from leaving the city and outsiders must get permission to enter. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. 1 Vientiane the increasingly busy capital on the banks of the Mekong River; 2 Huay Xai in the north, on the Mekong and the border with Thailand; 3 Luang Namtha capital of the north, known for its trekking; 4 Luang Prabang a UNESCO World Heritage City known for its numerous temples, colonial era architecture, and vibrant night market; 5 Muang Xay also known as . Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. [30] He made Theravada Buddhism the state religion, and Lan Xang prospered. Area 236,800 sq km (91,400 sq miles) Major languages Lao, French. [166], Australian filmmaker Kim Mordount's first feature film was made in Laos and features a Laotian cast speaking their native language. [94] Plans to resettle additional Hmong refugees in the United States were stalled by provisions of President George W. Bush's Patriot Act and Real ID Act, under which Hmong veterans of the Secret War, who fought on the side of the United States, are classified as terrorists because of their historical involvement in armed conflict. [39] Laos never held any importance for France[40] other than as a buffer state between Thailand and the more economically important Annam and Tonkin. Wat Sisaket, Luang, and Phra Keo are the three most . [122] Rice dominates agriculture, with about 80% of the arable land area used for growing rice. Currently unexploded ordnance (UXO), including cluster munitions and mines, kill or maim approximately 50 Laotians every year. You'll find yourself slowly won over by the easy charms of this evolving . [85] Several thousand Hmong people, fearing forced repatriation to Laos if they were not accepted for resettlement in the United States, fled the camp to live elsewhere within Thailand where a sizeable Hmong population has been present since the 19th century. The restaurant serves a variety of local delicacies, such as Khao piak sen (a rice noodle soup), mok lao (an exotic coconut curry), and of course, Lao sausage. Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. [citation needed], Massive aerial bombardments against the PAVN/Pathet Lao forces were carried out by the United States to prevent the collapse of the Kingdom of Laos central government, and to deny the use of the Ho Chi Minh Trail to attack US forces in South Vietnam. CIA agent Bill Lair met with the young Hmong military . [96][97] In The Economist's Democracy Index 2016 Laos was classified as an "authoritarian regime", ranking lowest of the nine ASEAN nations included in the study. The capital is Vientiane (Lao: Viangchan), located on the Mekong River in the northern portion of the country. Located on the Mekong River the city has 950,000 inhabitants. Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty. According to linguistic and other historical evidence, Tai-speaking tribes migrated southwestward to the modern territories of Laos and Thailand from Guangxi sometime between the 8th and 10th centuries. The Tai-Kadai Languages, ":: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.o.c. Gently cut cilantro resting atop a raging furnace of flavor. Mon-Khmer groups, the Hmong, and other indigenous hill tribes live in the foothills and mountains. The king then secretly sent Prince Kindavong to represent Laos to the Allied forces and Prince Sisavang as representative to the Japanese. The stated policy objectives of both the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. Of the many beautiful Wats in Vientiane, a visit to Wat Sisaket is a must; built in 1818, this is one of the oldest temples in Vientiane. The Lao National Tourism Administration, related government agencies and the private sector are working together to realise the vision put forth in the country's National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan. In 2017, Laos suffered fiscal and monetary difficulties which resulted in low levels of foreign reserves. Fa Ngum was born into the royal family in Muang Sua, the capital of a small state ruled by King Souvanna Khampong. 400 AD - Theravada Buddhism was introduced to Laos. 783.322 c phiu cn li tip tc c FPT Capital . [144], The people of Laos are often categorised by their distribution by elevation: (lowlands, midlands and upper high lands) as this somewhat correlates with ethnic groupings. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. The Thai government attempted to repatriate these refugees, but the Wat Tham Krabok Hmong refused to leave and the Lao government refused to accept them, claiming they were involved in the illegal drug trade and were of non-Lao origin. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant . ::", "Global Religious Landscape; Table: Religious Composition by Country", "Human Development Report 2009. [26] Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC. The revised constitution of 11 May 1957 omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted. Vientiane, pronounced as "Viang-chan" in Lao, has been the Laotian capital city for 453 years. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. It is stretched out on the north-eastern bank of a bend in the Mekong River. [165] The 2017 documentary feature film Blood Road was predominantly shot and produced in Laos with assistance from the Lao government, it was recognised with a News and Documentary Emmy Award in 2018. Vientiane (/ v i n t i n / vee-EN-tee-AHN, French: ; Lao: , Viangchan, pronounced [ tn]) is the capital and largest city of Laos.Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. 900-1300 AD - Most of Laos is subordinate to the Khmer Empire at Angkor. He describes his experience in the Lao capital in fine detail, making the minutiae come alive. Gunderson, Steve (18 May 1996) "State Department Outlines Resettlement Guidelines for Hmong Refugees". Collectively, they are known as Lao Soung or highland Laotians. This tourist attraction still holds more than 10 thousand Buddha statues, large and small. Lan Xang became an important trade centre during Samsenthai's reign, but after his death in 1421 it collapsed into warring factions for nearly a century. It was founded in 1563 and was prompted by fears of attacks from Burma. English, the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has become increasingly studied in recent years. The city is Laos' capital and is located along the banks of the Mekong River. Travel over the land is hard. The close ties between Laos and Vietnam were formalised via a treaty signed in 1977, which has since provided direction for Lao foreign policy, and provides the basis for Vietnamese involvement at all levels of Lao political and economic life. Additionally, the Khao San Pathet Lao, the country's official news agency, publishes English and French versions of its eponymous paper. Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. Vientiane, also spelled Viangchan, largest city and capital of Laos, situated on a plain just northeast of the Mekong River. The National University of Laos, one of the country's three universities, is located in Vientiane. Pakse is the capital and most populous city of Champasak Province in Southern Laos. Calculating U.S. For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety khao kam in small quantities near the farm house in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.[162]. [9] Durante o quarto milnio a.C., frascos de sepultamento e outros tipos de sepulcros sugerem uma sociedade complexa em que os objetos de bronze . [141] The authorities in Laos have recently developed an innovative regulatory framework for publicprivate partnership contracts signed with small enterprises, in parallel with more conventional regulation of state-owned water enterprises. Pakse. [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. [74] Their Russian-built Antonov AN 74-300 with 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the Thai border.Vientiane was the administrative capital . Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. In 1950, the French were forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an "associated state" within the French Union. His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. With an estimated population of 760,000 in 2015, the city is also the most populous in the nation. [126] In addition, the country's plentiful water resources and mountainous terrain enable it to produce and export large quantities of hydroelectric energy. Subsistence agriculture still accounts for half of the GDP and provides 80% of employment. They were the indigenous inhabitants of northern Laos. O crnio de pelo menos 46 mil anos de idade, tornando-se o mais antigo fssil humano encontrado at hoje no sudeste da sia. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}18N 105E / 18N 105E / 18; 105. Since the founding of the Lao PDR in 1975, very few films have been made in Laos. This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. [87], Lending further support to earlier claims that the government of Laos was persecuting the Hmong, filmmaker Rebecca Sommer documented first-hand accounts in her documentary, Hunted Like Animals,[88] and in a comprehensive report that includes summaries of refugee claims and was submitted to the UN in May 2006. [1] These earliest human migrants are Australo-Melanesians associated with the Hoabinhian cultureand have populated the highlands . 15. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. The first bullet train to serve the high-speed Laos-China railway sits in a rail station in the Lao capital Vientiane, Oct. 16, 2021. Today, French has a healthier status in Laos than the other Francophone nations of Asia and about 35% of all students in Laos receive their education in French, with the language being a required course in many schools. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. Vientiane authorities have pledged to carry out 30 large-scale development projects from now until 2025 in a bid to accelerate the Lao capital's economic growth. [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. [47][52] Laos was requested in 1979 by Vietnam to end relations with the People's Republic of China, leading to isolation in trade by China, the United States, and other countries. Shortly after, the Kingdom of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane were added to the protectorate. [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. The capital of Laos is Vientiane, which was founded 13th century. Hanoi shares experience with Lao NA delegation. The city was destroyed, valuables and historical artifacts were looted, and the population fled. Evidence for modern human presence in the northern and central highlands of Indochina, that constitute the territories of the modern Laotian nation-state dates back to the Lower Paleolithic. It is a political term that includes the non-ethnic Lao groups within Laos and identifies them as "Laotian" because of their political citizenship. His ministers, unable to tolerate his ruthlessness, forced him into exile to the present-day Thai province of Nan in 1373,[31] where he died. Lao People's Democratic Republic", Asian Migrations: Social and Geographical Mobilities in Southeast, East, and Northeast Asia, "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? Vientiane has a total area of 3,920 square km and an average elevation of 174 m. The city experiences a tropical savanna climate. It is produced by the Lao Brewery Company. [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. Lao People's Democratic Republic or Laos (), is a country in southeast Asia. Laos is a Lao speaking country that does not border with any sea. . The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is a developing country ruled by a one-party, Communist government. What is the Difference Between Democrats and Republicans. [50], In 1975 the Pathet Lao overthrew the royalist government, forcing King Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975. [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. Located on the banks of the Mekong River, Vientiane is a city steeped in legend and history. [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. `` state Department Outlines Resettlement Guidelines for Hmong Refugees '' War, the PAVN a. First Indochina War, the country in Southeast Asia La Francophonie in detail... Lao, has been the Laotian civil War Khmer settlement that formed around a Hindu.. 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