(Black and white photographs from Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth by Gitta Sereny, published by Picador) To date, the foundation has given more than 500,000 in grants to more than 100 Jewish women for projects. In 1944, this became endemic; over half a million workers were arrested. [77] By July 1943, he had gained control of armaments production for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine. He set about extending his power and influence with unexpected ambition. [7], Speer began his architectural studies at the University of Karlsruhe instead of a more highly acclaimed institution because the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 limited his parents' income. [46] Eventually, 75,000 Jews were displaced by these measures. After his release on 1 October 1966, he used Federal Archive documents to rework the material into his autobiography. [150], He had remained married to his wife, but he had formed a relationship with a German woman living in London and was with her at the time of his death. Having served his full term, Speer was released in 1966. Unsubstantiated rumors have claimed that the remains were used for other building projects such as the Humboldt University, Mohrenstrae metro station and Soviet war memorials in Berlin. Speer states he became hopeful when Hitler explained how communism could be checked and Germany could recover economically. [176] Speer is mentioned several times in the speech, and Himmler addresses him directly. He has risen to the top of the . First Architect of the Third Reich. I myself must carry this out. [52] Construction stopped on the Berlin and Nremberg plans at the outbreak of war. [43] The building itself was hailed by Hitler as the "crowning glory of the greater German political empire". William. [5] Wolters and longtime Speer secretary Annemarie Kempf, while not permitted direct communication with Speer in Spandau, did what they could to help his family and carry out the requests Speer put in letters to his wifethe only written communication he was officially allowed. Instead, development turned to a "uranium motor", for use in the navy's submarines. I recommend this book without reservations. [33] He was to report directly to Hitler, and was independent of both the mayor and the Gauleiter of Berlin. "[142] He supported Hermann, his brother, financially after the war. It was to prevent harming his son's budding career that Speer came to not re-enter architecture upon his 1966 release. However Speer secured Hitler's support, and on 1 March 1942, Gring signed a decree naming Speer "General Plenipotentiary for Armament Tasks" in the Four Year Plan. [55] At the same time, Hitler also appointed Speer as head of the Organisation Todt, a massive, government-controlled construction company. It was used for Nazi propaganda rallies and can be seen in Leni Riefenstahl's propaganda film Triumph of the Will. [141] He found himself unable to re-establish a relationship with his children, even with his son Albert who had also become an architect. [49] Martin Kitchen described Speer's often repeated line that he knew nothing of the "dreadful things" as hollowbecause not only was he fully aware of the fate of the Jews he was actively participating in their persecution. Speer, Albert, born 19-03-1905 in Mannheim, Baden Wrttemberg, as second of three brothers, Hermann born 1902 and Ernst born 1906, of Albert Friedrich Speer and Louise Mathilde Wilhelmine Speer (born Hommel). Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (German: [pe] ( listen); March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. Finally, in the summer of 1943, Speer released the 1200 metric tons of uranium stock for use in solid-core ammunition. [159], Speer had carefully constructed an image of himself as an apolitical technocrat who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. Discussions on the personalities of the Wehrmacht and of the organizations not covered in the other sections. Albert Speer Jr. was born on July 29, 1934, one year after Hitler had consolidated power in Germany. [57] Speer succeeded Todt not only as Reich Minister but in all his other powerful positions, including Inspector General of German Roadways, Inspector General for Water and Energy and Head of the Nazi Party's Office of Technology. [131], Speer's supporters maintained calls for his release. Speer first heard Adolf Hitler speak during an address to the combined students and faculty of Berlin University and his institute. Stars Laurence Olivier Averell Harriman Albert Speer See production, box office & company info Search on Amazon search for Blu-ray and DVD Add to Watchlist 120 User reviews 5 Critic reviews Top rated TV #14 Speer believed his greatest work, the one that would truly stand the test of time was the Zeppelinfeld in Nrnberg, which held up to 340,000 people, and the Cathedral of Lights he orchestrated for nighttime Nazi rallies with 130 anti-aircraft searchlights placed around it. [14] The couple would have six children together, but Albert Speer grew increasingly distant from his family after 1933. Speer in response used his propaganda expertise to display a new dynamism of the war economy. Speer's full length portrait of Hitler has unnerving reality. "It is not charity; I don't like that . The V-2's first target was Paris on 8 September 1944. Speer died of a stroke in 1981. This miracle was brought to a halt in the summer of 1943 by, among other factors, the first sustained Allied bombing. This criticism is mainly presented by the documentary film "Speer Goes to Hollywood" by the director Vanessa Lapa. The film presents original videos from the Nazi Germany period and conversations with Speer, in which the great deception he tried to present at the Nuremberg trials and in his book is revealed.[6]. This allowed an extra 300 huts to be built at Auschwitz, increasing the total human capacity to 132,000. The family learned of this through some letters Ernst sent. [83] His political rivals used the opportunity to undermine his authority and damage his reputation with Hitler. She married Prince Albert who was her cousin. Speer, Albert (1905-81). [26], The image of the good Nazi was supported by numerous Speer myths. Of the 60,000 people who ended up at the camp 20,000 died, due to the appalling conditions. [67] With Hitler's full agreement, he decided to prioritize tank production, and he was given unrivaled power to ensure success. Want to Read. Which he succeeded in doing, with or without Hitler. If Speer, who had been so close to Hitler, had not known the full extent of the crimes of the Nazi regime and had just been "following orders", then they could tell themselves and others they too had done the same. His father, who died in 1947, despised the Nazis and was silent upon meeting Hitler. The battle is infamous as one of the largest . Albert Einstein lived in the USA, so was not where the holocaust [44] The chancellery was completed in early January 1939. It had been edited by Wolters and made no mention of the Jews. by Durand 27 Jul 2005, 14:18, Post His formal title was changed on 2 September 1943, to "Reich Minister for Armaments and War Production". [106][c], By April, little was left of the armaments industry, and Speer had few official duties. The public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich and a major war criminal became a popular figure almost overnight. [3] Henry T. King, deputy prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials who later wrote a book about Speer said, "Love and warmth were lacking in the household of Speer's youth. After one of these briefings, Hitler invited Speer to lunch, to the architect's great excitement. The SS called this "Professor Speer's Special Programme". This carried with it the rank of State Secretary in the Reich government and gave him extraordinary powers over the Berlin city government. The Soviet Union, having demanded a death sentence at trial, was unwilling to entertain a reduced sentence. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding . [31] Speer designed the German Pavilion for the 1937 international exposition in Paris. Another myth posits that Speer revolutionized the German war machine after his appointment as Minister of Armaments. [25] After the war, he claimed to have had little interest in politics at all and had joined almost by chance. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer ( Mannheim, 19. oujka 1905. the atmosphere was said the best ever it was actually worded they Sereny gained respect for his sincerity in his personal "battle with truth.". For other uses, see, Party architect and government functionary, Berlin's General Building Inspector (19371942). Instead, he issued the "Nero Decree" on 19 March, which called for the destruction of all infrastructure as the army retreated. Despite his opposition to the 20 July plot, he falsely claimed in his memoirs to have been sympathetic to the plotters. 2. The cylinder is now a protected landmark and is open to the public. By Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Albert Speer in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland", Francisco Boix identifies Speer at Nuremberg, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Speer&oldid=1139875005, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:56. [86] On 1 August 1944, Speer merged the Fighter Staff into a newly formed Armament Staff committee. In her renowned biography, Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth, she describes her friend Schramm as "maybe the most moral person I have ever met". body was never found or returned to the family and there are some Despite this opposition, the two married in Berlin on 28 August 1928; seven years elapsed before Margarete was invited to stay at her in-laws' home. Secured early release from prison, became a media celebrity and successfully cultivated the "clean Speer" myth. [143] David Irving discovered discrepancies between the deceptively edited Chronicle and independent documents. In his writings, Speer claimed to have finished five thousand books while in prison. [137], Speer's release from prison was a worldwide media event. I am sure that an oppressive feeling struck me as I drove past. Speer made no mention of it in the first draft of Inside the Third Reich. Albert Speer (fdt Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer den 19. marts 1905 i Mannheim, dd 1. september 1981 i London) var en tysk arkitekt, der under 2. verdenskrig var rustningsminister (Reichsminister fr Bewaffnung und Munition) i Nazi-Tyskland.Lnge inden ministerudnvnelsen havde Speer vret Adolf Hitlers foretrukne arkitekt.. Speer blev medlem af nazistpartiet i 1931. [151] His daughter, Margret Nissen, wrote in her 2005 memoirs that after his release from Spandau he spent all of his time constructing the "Speer Myth". [55] On 8 February 1942, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions Fritz Todt died in a plane crash shortly after taking off from Hitler's eastern headquarters at Rastenburg. Victoria married. [139] Although he stated he hoped to resume an architectural career, his sole project, a collaboration for a brewery, was unsuccessful. He originally wanted to become a mathematician, but his father advised against the wish, suggesting that he would "lead a life without money, without a position, and . In this capacity he was responsible for the Central Department for Resettlement that evicted Jewish tenants from their homes in Berlin. - London, Anglia, 1981. szeptember 1.) For the television film based on the book, see, :55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Sarah Word from the British film magazine ", Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inside_the_Third_Reich&oldid=1132240858, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 January 2023, at 23:15. [56] Hitler appointed Speer in Todt's place. [146] Adam Tooze in his book The Wages of Destruction said Speer had manoeuvred himself through the ranks of the regime skillfully and ruthlessly and that the idea he was a technocrat blindly carrying out orders was "absurd". [164] Even so, public perceptions of Speer did not change substantially until Heinrich Breloer aired a biographical film on TV in 2004. [183], This article is about the Nazi minister. Minister for Armaments. [124], The prisoners were forbidden to write memoirs. In response, Hitler appointed Fritz Sauckel as a "manpower dictator" to obtain new workers. As "the Nazi who said sorry", he accepted moral responsibility at the Nuremberg trials . all Albert Speer wanted was to feel important. Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. Speer's desperate mother called Speer . Importantly, he provided an alibi to older Germans who had been Nazis. [9] In 1925, he transferred again, this time to the Technical University of Berlin where he studied under Heinrich Tessenow, whom Speer greatly admired. [27], When Troost died on 21 January 1934, Speer effectively replaced him as the Party's chief architect. [163] By 1999, historians had amply demonstrated that Speer had lied extensively. Albert Speer, the Nazi architect who built a Cathedral of Light for Hitler and commanded millions of prisoners in the forced production of weaponry, had a comfortable second life. [93] He opposed the assassination attempt against Hitler on 20 July 1944. [96] In January 1945, Speer told Goebbels that armaments production could be sustained for at least a year. Among those who pledged support for his sentence to be commuted were Charles de Gaulle and US diplomat George Wildman Ball. If built, the German Stadium would have accommodated 400,000 spectators. [176] In 2007, The Guardian reported that a letter from Speer dated 23 December 1971, had been found in a collection of his correspondence with Hlne Jeanty, the widow of a Belgian resistance fighter. Yet development and production would take at least two years. He also cites the use of the V-2 as a terror weapon, rather than continued development of the ground-to-air defensive Waterfall rocket. [63] Other factors probably contributed to the increase more than Speer himself. [90] By this time, 140,000 people were working in Speer's underground factories. He lost yet more authority. Under Sereny's relentless questioning, Speer explored the past, trying to discover the truth which he had unconsciously kept hidden even from himself. Entrance to Spandau Prison, 1951. There was no communication. He later published a work about Himmler and the SS which has been published in English as The Slave State: Heinrich Himmler's Masterplan for SS Supremacy or Infiltration: How Heinrich Himmler Schemed to Build an SS Industrial Empire (in German, Der Sklavenstaat - Meine Auseinandersetzung mit der SS). [170] Historian Martin Kitchen states that Speer was actually "fully aware of what had happened to the Jews" and was "intimately involved in the 'Final Solution'". [167] Brechtken wrote that his most brazen lie was fabricated during an interview with a French journalist in 1952. He was more forthright in an interview with William Hamsher in which he said he joined the party in order to save "Germany from Communism". As a Nazi Party member, she had greatly enjoyed dining with Hitler. Land had been purchased by the end of 1934 and starting in March 1936 the first buildings were demolished to create space at Vostrae. 1971. [10] After passing his exams in 1927, Speer became Tessenow's assistant, a high honor for a man of 22. Der er bare lige den hage ved Moritz Schramms morfar, at han var den kendte topnazist Albert Speer fra Hitlers inderkreds, og at han i dag anses for at vre en af Anden Verdenskrigs helt store forbrydere. One thing that happened in early 1840 of Victoria time was that He was charged with planning for war, planning a war of aggression, crimes against peace and crimes against humanity. Die Zelle. Werner Heisenberg told Speer "the scientific solution had already been found and that theoretically nothing stood in the way of building such a bomb." The relationship was frowned upon by Speer's class-conscious mother, who felt the Webers were socially inferior. shelved 32,158 times. Hosted by askropp and Frech. One of Speer's grandfathers was among the most successful machine-tool manufacturers in Germany; the other was a well-known architect. This was probably the start of the downfall of the Reich. Albert Speer. Das Cytoskelett; Vergleich Pflanzenzelle - Tierzelle: Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten; Vergleich der Eigenschaften von prokaryotischen und eukaryotischen Zellen The Battle of Stalingrad was a brutal military campaign between Russian forces and those of Nazi Germany and the Axis powers during World War II. [8] In 1924, when the crisis had abated, he transferred to the "much more reputable" Technical University of Munich. It will begin in Norway and extend to northern Italy. [60] It did not immediately dawn on his political rivals that his calls for rationalization and reorganization were hiding his desire to sideline them and take control. See answer (1) Copy. In July1932, the Speers visited Berlin to help out the Party before the Reichstag elections. [74] In occupied areas of the Soviet Union, that had been subject to partisan action, civilian men and women were rounded up en masse and sent to work forcibly in Germany. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/ p r /; German: [pe] (); 19 March 1905 - 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II.A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison.. An architect by training, Speer joined the . The large capital investment was not repaid in military effectiveness. never got along so good before or after. He was 76 years old. [153] He was well-educated, middle class, and bourgeois, and could contrast himself with those who, in the popular mind, typified "bad Nazis". Inside the Third Reich (German: Erinnerungen, "Memories") is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. [65] Production of every type of weapon peaked in June and July 1944, but there was now a severe shortage of fuel. The designs were rushed into production, and the completed submarines were crippled by flaws which resulted from the way they had been constructed. Study now. Once Speer became aware of the existence of the fund, he sent detailed instructions about what to do with the money. [50] In his final statement at Nuremberg, Speer gave the impression of apologizing, although he did not directly admit any personal guilt and the only victim he mentioned was the German people. Albert Speer was the Nazi Party's chief architect, a close confidant of Adolf Hitler and the brains behind the Nazi military production machine. Rereading Albert Speer's "Inside the Third Reich". His father, the son and grandson of architects, had joined the Nazi party in 1931 and soon . [12] In Munich Speer began a close friendship, ultimately spanning over 50 years, with Rudolf Wolters, who also studied under Tessenow. A groundbreaking 26-part documentary series narrated by the actor Laurence Olivier about the deadliest conflict in history, World War II. The relationship will always amaze. The program while advanced proved to be an impediment to the war economy. [155] Speer was photographed with slave laborers at Mauthausen concentration camp during a visit on 31 March 1943; he also visited Gusen concentration camp. [156] Speer took his myth-making to a mass media level and his "cunning apologies" were reproduced frequently in post-war Germany. These factories were death-traps; discipline was brutal, with regular executions. [99] In reality, he had sought to prolong the war until further resistance was impossible, thus contributing to the large number of deaths and the extensive destruction Germany suffered in the conflict's final months. An architect by training, Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1931. By July 1943 Speer's armaments propaganda became irrelevant because a catalogue of dramatic defeats on the battlefield meant the prospect of losing the war could no longer be hidden from the German public. 'S chief architect Irving discovered discrepancies between the deceptively edited Chronicle and independent documents Nazis and was independent both. Other factors, the German Stadium would have six children together, but Speer. Became hopeful when Hitler explained how communism could be checked and Germany could economically... To Hollywood '' by the documentary film `` Speer Goes to Hollywood '' the. 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