Gender Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. This led to a women's movement that would run side by side with the abolition movement for equal rights among all people that live in the United States. Significantly, Gabriel forbade the conspirators to kill Methodists and Quakers, groups that were actively seeking manumission for slaves in the area at this time. However, the modern-day Seventh Day Adventist Church later grew out of the Millerite movement. Two of the leading figures of the womens rights movement met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. Finney also encouraged women to speak publicly in witness or testimony in these mixed-sex gatherings. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. In the spirit of the Enlightenment, Unitarians held that theological ideology should be subject to rational thought and reason; Channing preached that my rational nature is from God. Unitarians attested to the oneness of God. As strict monotheists, Unitarians viewed Jesus as a saintly man, but not divine. Before the early 1800s, education for most Americans was very basic. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. The antebellum period of America was an era of change. Martin proceeded to use scriptural arguments to help convince other slaves to join the attack on the city. One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. preconceived, presentist, and erroneous assumptions, neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the present. The new evangelical denominations of the Second Great Awakening did not require the same kinds of rigorous education as older sects did; rather, it was far more important for a spiritual leader to experience a personal conversion and feel a call to spread the message. Add texts here. Generally, the evangelical movement changed over time and became more limiting and conservative in their views of race and gender. Reformers' definition of the free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control. Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. Preachers of the revival movement preached the equality of all before God but generally did not challenge the institution of slavery in much of the South. Antebellum Reform Americans after 1815 embraced many religios and social movements in pursuit of solutions for the problems, evils, and misfortunes of mankind. Why did so many prominent white Americans, from both the North and South, support the colonization of freed slaves? White abolitionists warned him that people would cease to believe that he had ever been enslaved if he sounded too educated and advised him to leave the complex analysis to the whites. Prisons existed not to rehabilitate criminals for their eventual return to society but to house them until the time that they would be punished, most often by fines, public whipping, or execution, also a public spectacle. During this same period, debtors prisons began to disappear as reformers advocated reforming the poor rather than imprisoning them. Others simply tempered their message of spiritual equality and did not overtly challenge slavery. In the spring of 1841, Dix visited a Cambridge jail in order to teach Sunday school for a group of women inmates. But Transcendentalism had many more participants whose interests ranged across the spectrum of antebellum reform. (2) The bonds payable have a maturity (face) value of $4 million. The Second Great Awakening and the movement in religious revival in the United States had a profound impact on the United States. \quad\text{of Leased Property Rights}&& 1,000,000 antebellum reform movements squarely in the context of the era's market revolution and the Second Great Awakening, and in so doing underscores the linkages between of economic, . For the most part, colonizationists accepted the idea of black inferiority. "In the history of the world," Ralph Waldo Emerson declared in 1841, "the doctrine of Reform had never such scope as at the present hour." Not much a joiner of causes himself, Emerson had in mind a remarkable flowering of reform movements from roughly 1815 until the Civil War that were striking to observers at the time and to historians ever since for their energy, variety, and . Women joined and actively participated in abolitionist organizations such as the Anti-Slavery Society; they sponsored events such as the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women. In every state, laws restricted the political and civil liberties of free African Americans. By the end of the meeting, a plan emerged to march on the city of Richmond on August 30, 1800, seizing the capitol and capturing the governor. \text{Additional Paid-In Capital}& 3,000,000 &2,400,000\\ A Pew Research Center survey asked respondents if they would rather live in a place with a slower pace of life or a place with a faster pace of life. The antebellum period was marked by several major slave uprisings. The antebellum reform movements came soon after the market revolution. In the South, the Second Great Awakening fomented rebellion in the slave community. Evangelical sects emphasized the resurrection of Christ, the primacy of scripture, the spiritual rebirth of believers, and the importance of proselytizing. By the end of the 1830s, the Society had grown by leaps and bounds, with more than 1,300 chapters and almost 250,000 members. The temperance movement stemmed in part from new social conditions such as increasing urbanization immigration. Consolidated Balance Sheets \text{Accounts Receivable (Net of Estimated Uncollectibles}\\ In 1828, his Likeness to God sermon argued that true religion is marked by the believer becoming more and more like God. Transcendentalism's roots were in American Christianity. \text{Deferred Tax Liability} &\$ 1,570,000 &\$ 1,400,000\\ These movements were generally more active in the Northern states. a. In later years, the Society provided the founding impetus to the Liberty Party, a political party with an abolitionist platform. The market revolution had changed American society in many ways. Workhouses were established to keep the poor from drunkenness, idleness, and gambling. They found a lot of support abroad and there were many books and article published form other countries supporting reform . \text{Hutchinson Company (25\\\% Owned)} &175,000 &100,000\\ \text{Rosenwald Company (50\\\% Owned)}& 1,025,000& 900,000\\ 2. Douglass was a skilled orator and a prolific writer. Early nineteenth-century, most children were educated in locally supported schools and many had no access to learning at all. The plot was foiled when word of the conspirators plans were leaked; Vesey and thirty-four others were hanged, and thirty-seven more were exiled from the city as a result. The Grimk sisters, Sarah and Angelina, spoke out against the system of slavery in many forums. Born into slavery in Maryland in 1819, he escaped from slavery as a young man and spent the rest of his life devoting himself to the cause of freedom for all. The region of western and central New York where Finney was most active became the site of intensive religious fervor and reform. \quad\text{Total}& \$12,000,000 &\$ 9,200,000\\ Moral reform groups promoted temperance, or abstinence from alcohol. Meanwhile in the United States, the movement lost steam during the 1840s and 1850s as the tensions between free and slave states escalated. Concept that empowered the women's movement to develop an all-encompassing critique of male authority and their own subordination. Many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed and allow to in the country" ( Foner, Eric. Calvinism, which taught that only an elect few Christians would be saved, lost much of its appeal; Americans instead turned to a relatively new kind of Christianity, evangelicalism. Key figures in the abolitionist movement were William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator and Frederick Douglass, who was born a slave and rose to prominence as an author, orator, and abolitionist. North and South white Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, it was response to for making African Americans slaves. Debtors were punished by imprisonment. - challenged white Americans to face up to the reality that men and women no different form themselves were being held in bondage. Evangelism found its greatest influence and the greatest number of converts in a movement of religious revivals in the United States: The Second Great Awakening. \text{Increase in Retained Earnings}&& \$ 2,200,000\\ \quad\text{Average Shares Outstanding)} &&\$ 2.68\\ Evangelical Christianity was certainly the most powerful religious movement in the antebellum United States, but it was not the only one. The movement experienced what became to be known as the Great Disappointment when the morning of October 23 arrived rather than Jesus. The experiment in Liberia proved to be, in many ways, a failure; hundreds died from disease soon after emigrating. In asylums they receive temporary care and attention. (People to know). These communities differed greatly in structure and motivation. Everyone was eligible for salvation, and a loving God embraced all. Finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and became active in the abolitionist movement. Slaveholders must be convinced of the sinfulness of their ways, and the North of its complicity in the peculiar institution. The account spoke at length of Turners religiously informed views of slavery and of his interpretations of the Bible. This page titled 13.1: Religious Reforms in the Antebellum United States is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Discuss any differences between the preferences of men and women. Baptists and Methodists preached that all could achieve salvation and that all people were equal before God. They worked tirelessly to promote the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice for all. \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ However, abolitionism developed significantly over the 1800s. Mann and others charged public schools with teaching not only academic subjects, but also morality and discipline. \text{Goodwill}& 1,125,000& 1,125,000\\ This message of freedom was most clearly expressed in its associations with slave rebellions. A woman could not have a personal bank account (In England until the 1960s, a woman could only have a joint bank account with her husband. \text{Cash}& \$ 100,000 &\$ 200,000\\ Many people, accustomed to thinking of salvation as being determined by God alone, found the possibility of playing an active role in determining their religious fate exhilarating. Dix was instrumental in motivating a state role in the creation of these facilities. \text{REVENUES}\\ The movements shared a common support base, and many abolitionists advocated, or were active in, the womens rights movement, or vice versa. Leadership and authority within the church was the exclusive domain of white men. \text{Accounts Payable}& \$ 550,000 &\$ 400,000\\ Pace of Life Preference by Gender. The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. Americans consumed huge quantities of liquor in the early 1800s, including gin, whiskey, rum, and brandy. The meetings typically lasted three to five days and were meant to reawaken or revive ones religious faith through an intense, emotional experience. \text{Bonds Payable}& \$ 3,648,000 &\$ 3,600,000\\ \text{Income TaxesDeferred}&& 170,000\\ \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2012}&& 2,800,000\\ The early nineteenth century was a time of great reform in the United States. She assisted in the research for his 1839 indictment of slavery, American Slavery as it is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. Dr. William Ellery Channing, one of the leading preachers and theologians of the Unitarian Church, preached on the great potential of humans. There was a rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery. Chief among these physicians was Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania. Slavery was the cornerstone of the southern economy. The message held the greatest appeal for those without power in society. What were the different varieties of abolitionism? A lot of the slaves that was born in the America have never even been to Africa. Not all preachers took the same attitude towards women as Finney; many preachers in the north turned to the same passages and idea of Christian men as patriarchs to their wives, female relatives, and children that were used in the South to reassert the dominance of white males. In his revival meetings, which were held nightly for a week or more, Finney prayed for the conversion of sinners by name in each community and called sinners down to the anxious bench, where those who were considering conversion were prayed for and where sinners were exhorted to confess and seek forgiveness. Many mentally ill individuals eventually ended up imprisoned as well, as no facilities for the treatment of the mentally ill existed. \text{Rent Received in Advance}& 50,000& \\ In 1837, Angelina wrote to William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator. \quad\text{Total Current Assets}& \$ 2,925,000 &\$ 2,400,000\\ Why? \textbf{Current Assets}\\ In many ways, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the movement of the early 1800s. - the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens. Revival and Religious Change. Through these moral reform societies, churches hoped to change society by putting individuals on the path to righteousness. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakenings basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. Like the preachers of the revivals, the temperance movement reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. The first, in which . The supporters and opponents of temperance understood the meaning of freedom differently because they believed that banning of alcoholic beverages would eliminate a number of problems in the U.S. Also, the opportunity to increase to compete for economic gain and individual self-improvement. State colonization movements emerged as well, leading to the establishments of African colonies such as the Republic of Maryland and Mississippi in Africa. You should study the financial statements before responding to these questions and problems. Over the next fifteen years, Smith and his followers migrated westward, from New York to Ohio, and then on to Missouri and ultimately to Utah under the direction of Brigham Young, seeking a place to establish a pure kingdom of Christ in America. In 1822, Charleston was home to a large African Methodist Episcopal congregation, as well as large numbers of Methodist and Baptist African American congregations. The antebellum period (or era before the Civil War) was a time of social and moral reform. Turner himself evaded capture for months. The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. \textbf{Property, Plant, and Equipment}\\ The African Americans wanted equal rights and so the white Americans imposed that they would let them go back to Africa and have their freedom. The temperance movement and organizations had more than a million supporters who enthusiastically held rallies and distributed pamphlets on the evils of demon rum. By the 1860s, their efforts had indeed slowed, but certainly did not stop, the average Americans consumption of alcohol. 13 A House Divided - Revi, EOAC 1700 Conflict Management & Resolution, EOAC 1600 EO Complaint Process & Interview Sk, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. ASSETSCurrentAssetsCashCertificateofDepositAccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)MerchandiseInventoryPrepaymentsTotalCurrentAssetsInvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)TotalInvestmentsProperty,Plant,andEquipmentLandBuildingMachineryandEquipmentPropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLeaseTotalLessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortizationTotalProperty,Plant,andEquipmentIntangibles(atNetCarryingValue)PatentGoodwillTotalIntangiblesTotalAssetsLIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayableAdvancesfromCustomersSalariesPayableIncomeTaxesPayableRentReceivedinAdvanceOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTotalCurrentLiabilitiesLong-TermDebtBondsPayableEquipmentMortgageIndebtednessCapitalizedLeaseObligationTotalLong-TermDebtDeferredTaxLiabilityShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStockCommonStockAdditionalPaid-InCapitalRetainedEarningsTotalLessCostofTreasurySharesTotalShareholdersEquityTotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$100,000225,000600,0001,800,000200,000$2,925,000$4,000,0001,025,000175,000$5,200,000$500,0004,000,0008,000,0001,500,000$14,000,000(4,000,000)$10,000,000$750,0001,125,000$1,875,000$20,000,000$550,000640,000300,000430,00050,000460,000$2,430,000$3,648,000332,0001,020,000$5,000,000$1,570,000$2,000,0002,000,0003,000,0005,000,000$12,000,000(1,000,000)$11,000,000$20,000,000$200,000500,0001,500,000200,000$2,400,000$2,200,000900,000100,000$3,200,000$400,0004,000,0007,300,0001,500,000$13,200,000(3,800,000)$9,400,000$875,0001,125,000$2,000,000$17,000,000$400,000660,000240,000300,000200,000$1,800,000$3,600,0001,300,0001,100,000$6,000,000$1,400,000$2,000,0002,000,0002,400,0002,800,000$9,200,000(1,400,000)$7,800,000$17,000,000. 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