Many people in North America who are deaf or hard of hearing use it as a primary means of communication. For us, this really emphasizes the fact that no two people are the same either with regard to disabilities or language preferences. There are many types of seizures, which range in severity. NCDJ Recommendation: All the terms are acceptable, although, because they are not widely used, an explanation is required for a general audience. NCDJ Recommendation: Deaf or hard of hearing are the preferred terms. Originally called falling sickness in English, the word has roots in Greek and Latin. A treatment center is an establishment usually run by psychiatric or medical professionals. In 2010, President Barack Obama signed a measure known as Rosas Law that replaced the term mental retardation with intellectual disability in many areas of government, including federal law. According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, post-polio syndrome is a condition that affects some persons who have had poliomyelitis (polio) long after recovery from the disease. Insane/insanity/mentally deranged/psychopathology, American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Dwarf, little person/people/midget/short stature, Intellectual disabilities/intellectually disabled, Dwarf, little person/midget/short stature, Dissociative identity disorder/multiple personality disorder, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Although involuntary cursing is commonly thought to be a key trait of the disorder, only a minority of those with Tourette syndrome exhibit this symptom. Background: Dwarfism is a medical or genetic condition that results in a stature below 410, according to Little People of America. We also will include some guidance in individual entries here but again, we encourage you to confirm on a case-by-case basis. Specifically, some members of the autism and Deaf communities prefer identity-first language. If the source is not available or unable to communicate, ask a trusted family member, advocate, medical professional or relevant organization that represents people with disabilities. See also Insane/mentally deranged/psychopathology, Background: The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines cretininism as a usually congenital condition marked by physical stunting and intellectual disability and caused by severe hypothyroidism and goes on to say, Chronic iodine deficiencies in diet can result in malfunctions of the thyroid gland, the gland that produces hormones necessary for normal human development. Background: Non-disabled refers to someone who does not have a disability. For example, some people have Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia.. It calls for use of a lower case d in all usages. It is not interchangeable with American sign language; in fact, its not sign language at all. However, organizations such as the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, the Mayo Clinic and the National Stuttering Association generally use the term stuttering to refer to the speech disorder. Addiction often implies dependence on substances other than alcohol, although alcoholism is essentially alcohol addiction. The term has largely gone out of use and is now considered objectionable and inaccurate. Background: The term special needs was popularized in the U.S. in the early 20th century during a push for special needs education to serve people with all kinds of disabilities. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, the word addiction is acceptable for uncontrollable, compulsive use of substances as well as acts such as gambling, sex, working, etc., in the face of negative health and social consequences. Did you know that AP style: Not directly addressed, although the style book recommends avoiding using disability-related words lightly or in unrelated situations. Neurodiversity basically means that brains operate differently and thats not a bad thing. AP style: The stylebook states that its acceptable to use the word autism as an umbrella term for a group of developmental disorders. It also says it is acceptable to use the word autism in stories. Those in Deaf culture have never seen themselves as disabled. OCD is often treated with pharmaceutical drugs, psychotherapy methods, or a combination of the two. Some people have a physical characteristic that is not a result of an amputation. Background: According to the National Association for Gifted Children, giftedness is characterized by the capacity to perform above the level of ones peers. Heart attack: Heart attacks cause pain, exhaustion, and shortness of breath, which can result in slurred speech. Senator John McCain died in the summer of 2018. The terms are considered derogatory because they equate symptoms of illness to filth. Some people prefer person with diabetes rather than a diabetic.. Some people with autism prefer being referred to as autistic or an autistic person. Others object to using autistic as an adjective. NCDJ Recommendation: The NCDJ endorses The Associated Press style, below. Background: The Americans with Disabilities Act is federal civil rights legislation that was signed into law in 1990 to address discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, public accommodations, transportation and telecommunications as well as state and local government services. Dysarthria. The guide was developed by the National Center on Disability and Journalism at Arizona State Universitys Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication and was last updated in the summer of 2021. Some argue that the term commit implies that suicide is a criminal act, while others view the term commit as neutral. NCDJ Recommendation: Use the words psychotic and psychosis only when they accurately describe a medical experience. Background: The Centers for Disease Control define traumatic brain injury as an injury that affects how the brain works.. Refrain from using the term trigger warning in a flip or casual way. NCDJ Recommendation:Avoid using invalid to describe a person with a disability except in a direct quote. Background: Dumb was once widely used to describe a person who could not speak and implied the person was incapable of expressing himself or herself; it eventually came to be synonymous with silent.. The device does not fully restore hearing, but it gives a representation of sounds to help a person understand speech. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. AP style: The stylebook recommends using partial hearing loss or partially deaf for those who have some hearing loss. If a preference is unknown, specify the condition rather than referring to it as a hidden disability, which is vague and open to interpretation. When renowned scientist Stephen Hawking died in 2018, media accounts referred to him as finally free of the wheelchair he used for decades. Background: Merriam-Webster defines the noun cripple as a lame or partly disabled person or animal and as something flawed or imperfect. It also is used as a verb. The term dyslexic is used by some organizations as a noun and as an adjective in a non-pejorative way; however, using the word as a noun (describing a person as a dyslexic) appears to be falling out of use. Uneven or abnormal speech rhythm. NCDJ Recommendation: Non-disabled or does not have a disability are acceptable terms when referring to people who do not identify as having a disability. It is important to note that some autism advocates do not like this term; it tends to be embraced by self advocates, but not as frequently by families of people with autism who also have intellectual disabilities and other challenges. Background: Identify-first language contrasts with people-first language. Many people in the Deaf community and organizations, including the National Association of the Deaf, support the use of these terms. It is interchangeably referred to as Tourette syndrome, Tourettes syndrome and Tourettes disorder. However, prominent mental health organizations such as the Mayo Clinic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Tourette Syndrome Association, refer to it as Tourette syndrome.. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. It is a common learning disability among children, although adolescents and adults with dyslexia often exhibit symptoms as well. People often use "suffering" to describe disabilities because they understand disability as a condition, something that only causes pain and suffering. Background: These phrases are used to describe conditions in which arms, legs, fingers, or toes are missing, not fully formed or shaped in a different way, either as a result of an amputation or a congenital condition. WebHearing impairment is the inability of an individual to hear sounds adequately. Dont assume all people who engage in misuse have an addiction. Avoid use of Seeing Eye dog as Seeing Eye is a registered trademark of The Seeing Eye school in Morristown, N.J. Be aware that licensure and/or certification of service animals is a contentious issue in the disability community, so it may be best to refer to the federal definition. Addiction usually refers to a disease or disorder; dependence may, on the other hand, describe babies born to mothers who use drugs or cancer patients who take prescribed painkillers. These same considerations apply when covering other 12-step programs, such as Narcotics Anonymous or Gamblers Anonymous. It can be appropriate when used in a medical context, such as abnormal curvature of the spine or an abnormal test result. However, when used to describe an individual, abnormal is widely viewed as derogatory. Background: A chronic illness is defined by the National Health Council as a health condition lasting three months or longer and includes conditions such as cancer or heart disease. Signs and symptoms of dysarthria vary, depending on the underlying cause and the type of dysarthria. Use this guide. Consider using people-first language, as in a person with an intellectual disability rather than an intellectually disabled person. As always, ask the person which terms they prefer. The discussion can be found here. People may refer to themselves as limb different or as being part of a limb different community or as having an upper or lower body limb difference. Some degenerative diseases can cause dysarthria, a motor speech disorder. Background: Bipolar disorder is a mental illness believed to be caused by a combination of genetic factors and neurological functioning, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to injuries as being sustained or received rather than suffered, as suffer implies that an injured person is a victim or somehow less than a person who has not been injured. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. However, it is such a general term that it fails to accurately describe a persons condition and is now widely viewed as offensive in that it implies that a person lacks abilities. For example, they might say that an individual with Down syndrome lives with minimal or no extra l assistance. Background: Autism spectrum disorder is a group of complex disorders related to brain development, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Instead, be as specific as possible. Causes of hearing loss include: Damage to the inner ear. WebHearing-impaired This term is no longer accepted by most in the community but was at one time preferred, largely because it was viewed as politically correct. NCDJ Recommendation: Both terms are acceptable, although many people prefer people-first language, stating that someone is a person with an intellectual disability rather than referring to the person as intellectually disabled. WebDeafness is defined as "a hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification." Background: Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in 1935 by Bill W. and Dr. Bob S. in Akron, Ohio, according to the AA General Service Office. Instead, be specific about the condition and use only if relevant to the story. WebApraxia. The terms depressed, depressing and depressive are acceptable in other contexts when the person being referenced does not have a medically diagnosed condition. WebAccording to the National Association of the Deaf, there are approximately 28 million deaf and hearing-impaired people in the U.S.--roughly 10 percent of the total population. Physical damage to the brain: Brain damage can affect both structure and function. Adults are also diagnosed with ADHD. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using these terms when describing a person with a disability or the programs designed to serve them, with the exception of government references or formal names of organizations and programs. Use the term hypothyroidism instead. Background: A deformity is a condition in which part of the body does not have the typical or expected shape, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary. This takes years of intensive practice and professional training., The Registry of Interpreters of the Deaf has a searchable database of registered interpreters, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, The Autism Self Advocacy Network details this debate, I Dont Have Autism, Im Autistic,, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Syracuse Universitys Disability Cultural Center, Little People of America has a statement on the M word., International Society for Augmentive and Alternative Communication, some people still strongly support the method, This particular use of the word dates to the middle of the 19th century. NCDJ Recommendation: The term may not be understood by all, so an explanation may be required. (The proper terminology in the United Kingdom is Downs syndrome). Background: High functioning and low-functioning are terms used to describe ability levels for people with a variety of conditions, including neurodiversity, intellectual disabilities and mental illness. However, advocates support the device for suitable candidates. Even with the caveat that this does not apply to all, we have heard from many people with disabilities who take issue with that advice. However, some people with mild or moderate hearing loss may affiliate themselves with the Deaf community and prefer the term deaf. Alternatively, some who are deaf and dont have a cultural affiliation to the Deaf community may prefer the term hard of hearing.. Because of perceived stigma, some people are calling for an end to the use of the term mental illness, suggesting instead a person diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder or a person with a mental health history. Some advocates suggest using the term mental health experience. However, the term mental illness still is widely used within the medical and psychiatric professions. People with addiction use substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences, according to the American Academy of Pain Medicine. Syracuse Universitys Disability Cultural Center says, The basic reason behind members of (some disability) groups dislike for the application of people-first language to themselves is that they consider their disabilities to be inseparable parts of who they are. For example, they prefer to be referred to as autistic, blind or disabled.. Keah Brown, a writer and disability activist who has cerebral palsy, tweeted in 2018: I just really cant stand the word cripple, so whenever I see it, I block it out. More. Background: The terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dissociative identity disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. Background: This term is used to describe someone who does not identify as having a disability. Advocacy groups call it death with dignity or right-to-die, but AP does use those phrases on their own. See entries on Depression and Mental illness/mental disorder. According to Psychology Today, it is a rare condition that may be associated with other disorders, such as schizophrenia. Partial hearing loss may affiliate themselves with the Deaf community and prefer the term.... Can be appropriate when used to describe people with hearing loss include: damage to the inner ear language as... Moderate hearing loss or partially Deaf for those who have some hearing loss may affiliate themselves with the,... Of breath, which can result in slurred speech are many types of seizures, which range in severity have... 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