This is seen, for example, in the overrepresentation of human trafficking victims among Black populations in some parts of South America, the lack of protections afforded to migrant workers in the Gulf that creates a dependence on others that traffickers can exploit, and the intentional targeting of Roma communities through law enforcement anti-trafficking operations in Eastern Europe. Central African Republic The acts element of forced labor is met when the trafficker recruits, harbors, transports, provides, or obtains a person for labor or services. Andrea E. Reed In addition, legal experts state that taking a financial crimes approach to human trafficking is highly effective in generating financial evidence that allows law enforcement to differentiate the traffickers from their victims, document the traffickers motives and knowledge, corroborate victim testimony, and assist in identifying affiliates. PKO-funded assistance to Nigeria includes AGI advisory support to increase Nigerian Air Force effectiveness and reduce civilian harm; advisory support for Nigerian military intelligence institutions; development of a Fast-Rope Insertion and Extraction System; and Civil-Military Operations training. Mali The Government of Maldives incorporated questions on labor exploitation and unethical recruitment into health screenings and COVID-19 contact tracing for all foreign workers. U.S. and global data show human traffickers disproportionately target those in positions of socioeconomic or political vulnerability due to discriminatory policies, who are often people of color or part of a racial minority. Angola In November 2018, President Biya announced the creation of a National Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) Committee. Over the past decade, two of the most highlighted conversations in the anti-trafficking movement have centered on the need to incorporate trauma-informed practices into anti-trafficking work and to invite survivors into leadership positions within organizations. The Prosecution, Protection, and Prevention sections of each country narrative describe how a government has or has not addressed the relevant TVPA minimum standards (see pages 56-58), during the reporting period. As COVID-19 caused a global economic downturn and increased the number of individuals vulnerable to human trafficking, traffickers adapted their existing tactics to take advantage of the unique circumstances of the pandemic. 333, to the extent that the CSPA would restrict such assistance or support. This prompted the Department of State to leave TT on the tier 2 watch list for a second year. The criteria and procedures were designed to minimize risks to project team members and research participants by considering the best-available national and project-level information and the latest public health recommendations for COVID-19 mitigation. In March 2020, the government launched a rehabilitation program for Houthi-recruited child soldiers in Marib, in collaboration with NGOs and funding support from KSRelief. Joshua Youle In response to the risks of carrying out in-person research activities in communities that are vulnerable to both COVID-19 and trafficking, Freedom Fund drew on multisectoral best practices and guidance to create criteria for determining whether in-person research during COVID-19 can be safely conducted, as well as health and safety procedures to ensuring safe interactions. Page 9: Picture Alliance We need better support that doesnt criminalize survivors but protects our rights instead. Consistent with the TVPA, the President may also determine to instruct the U.S. Executive Director of each multilateral development bank and the International Monetary Fund to vote against and use their best efforts to deny any loans or other uses of the institutions funds to a designated Tier 3 country for most purposes (except for humanitarian, trade-related, and certain development-related assistance). Service providers should make sure children understand their rights and are empowered to make decisions about their own care, where appropriate. These included women and children, people affected by travel restrictions and stay-at-home orders, communities in areas of food insecurity, and survivors of trafficking, as well as persons directly and indirectly affected by the disruption of economic activities and reduced livelihood options. The US Department of State has once again urged Government to crack down on officials suspected of being involved in human trafficking. A governments failure to appropriately address public allegations against such public officials, especially once such officials have returned to their home countries, shall be considered inaction under these criteria. One study estimates that the trafficker is a family member in about 31 percent of child sex trafficking cases. The Department of State urges officials to uphold the rule of law and increase victim protection efforts.. The FGS agreed on an action plan with the United Nations in 2012 to end the recruitment and use of children by the Somali National Army (SNA). Entrepreneur, Cosmotologist, Graduate from the Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking (Cast), Los Angeles, Racism has made Black trafficking survivors and other survivors of color feel invisible. Many of us are sexually assaulted by family, peers in schools, our ministers, or coaches. there is a failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of trafficking in persons from the previous year, including increased investigations, prosecutions, and convictions of trafficking crimes, increased assistance to victims, and decreasing evidence of complicity in severe forms of trafficking by government officials. Whether the government has entered into effective, transparent partnerships, cooperative arrangements, or agreements that have resulted in concrete and measurable outcomes with , a. domestic civil society organizations, private sector entities, or international nongovernmental organizations, or into multilateral or regional arrangements or agreements, to assist the governments efforts to prevent trafficking, protect victims, and punish traffickers; or. U.S. security assistance supports a more stable, democratically-governed nation through improving the capacity and governance of core national-level security institutions, creating an environment conducive to economic opportunities, responding to urgent humanitarian needs, and addressing the root causes of conflict. Some of us were there to pay off the debts owed to the bar owner. The purpose element in every sex trafficking case is the same: to engage in a commercial sex act. Justin D. Pollard This approach focuses on the needs, healing and empowerment of victims, the spokesman said. We need to be told this isnt normal and that we are experiencing victimization. As the DRCs principal partner in ending its devastating almost 2-year Ebola outbreak in the East and a major contributor to humanitarian assistance overall, the United States can leverage existing relationships to multiply and synergize the impact of PKO assistance. A Growing Number of People Experiencing Economic and Social Vulnerabilities. The Government of Nigeria is taking continuing and effective steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Allocating resources to debunk myths and misinformation about human trafficking takes time away from critical services including responding to survivors seeking help. Zambia When Mei returned to Xinjiang Region in China to visit her ill father, Chinese officials stopped her at the border with Kazakhstan and seized her passport. The application of equity-based approaches. The Secretary of State identified the following countries as having governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces or government-supported armed groups that recruited or used child soldiers within the meaning of section 404(a) of the CSPA during the reporting period of April 1, 2019 March 31, 2020: Afghanistan, Burma, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Iran, Iraq, Libya, Mali, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen. The Jordanian police counter-trafficking unit worked with UNODC to implement a coordinated COVID-19 mitigation plan to protect first responders by procuring sanitation materials, protective equipment, medical kits, and COVID-19 testing units. What happens in a private residence is hidden from the worldincluding from law enforcement and labor inspectorsresulting in barriers to victim identification. This last component is crucial, as interviewing and service provision that is not trauma-informed or in the best interest of the child can be retraumatizing and inhibit a successful recovery. Therefore governments, including the United States, must foster an inclusive environment that allows for a thriving, diverse workforce at alllevels. The number of arrests reported for human trafficking involving involuntary servitude increased from 66 in 2015 to 146 in 2019 before declining to 92 in 2020. Eritrea In addition to GNA-aligned units, others, including the self-styled Libyan National Army, have engaged in the recruitment and use of child soldiers. Andrew Pfender 1. Hungary Many anti-trafficking organizations also responded to the pandemic by emphasizing staff wellness, especially for employees with lived experience of human trafficking who are at risk of heightened responses to the stress caused by the pandemic. Cuba When responding to the impacts of the COVID-19 virus, it is important that those working on safety and security measures are equipped with the knowledge and resources to identify and refer cases of human trafficking. Outlined below is a description of what it means to be both trauma- and survivor-informed, as well as recommendations on integrating both approaches as one, comprehensive effort. Survivors of trafficking faced an increased risk of potential re-victimization due to financial and emotional hardships during the crisis. Evidence collection for trafficking investigations remained a significant problem, the report said. The report said Speaking at the UNC's Sunday media conference at the Office of the Opposition Leader . Pakistan Zoran Piperovic, the republic's deputy. The report also said government corruption and complicity in trafficking crimes also inhibited law-enforcement action in 2021. Cuba For the United States, this means confronting its history of chattel slavery, indigenous dispossession, and the centuries-long racial campaigns of violence, fear, and trauma that followed. Nonetheless, the challenges uncovered by COVID-19 are monumental and may be long lasting, requiring sustained collaboration among governments, civil society organizations, private sector leaders, survivor leaders, and other anti-trafficking actors to adjust and respond aptly to overcome these challenges. I always expected to test positive, so when I retested, I was in shock when it came back negative. Canadian financial institutions, FINTRAC (Canadas Financial Intelligence Unit), financial regulators, law enforcement, non-profit organizations, and technology companies collaborated to develop indicia of suspicious transactions of money laundering from sex trafficking. Bemaka-Soui is also sensitive to the effects that human trafficking has on individuals and their communities. The illicit financial activity that human trafficking generates includes, but is not limited to: payments associated with the transport of victims and other logistics such as hotels or plane tickets; collection of proceeds generated by the exploitation of trafficking victims and by the sale of goods produced through their exploitation; movement of proceeds; and bribery and corrupt dealings to facilitate human trafficking. Although the DDR Committee is not specifically dedicated to removing child soldiers from the field of battle, its mission is to facilitate the disarmament and reintegration of ex-fighters of Boko Haram and ISIS-West Africa and armed separatist groups in the Southwest and Northwest Regions, irrespective of their ages. Trafficking in persons, human trafficking, and modern slavery are umbrella termsoften used interchangeablyto refer to a crime whereby traffickers exploit and profit at the expense of adults or children by compelling them to perform labor or engage in commercial sex. The Government of Burma had a policy or pattern of use of children for forced labor by the military. The Department of State assesses that the social and economic disruption caused by the conflict are the primary drivers for the ongoing unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers in Yemen by all parties to the conflict. Indeed, in many places the diversion of law enforcement attention from human trafficking toward enforcing pandemic-related measures has resulted in other community actors carrying out identification efforts, often in ways that are more culturally responsive and less likely to re-traumatize victims. With minimal oversight mechanisms, many of these worksites remained unmonitored, resulting in fewer opportunities for victim identification. Julie Short Echalar THE TTPS app has been shortlisted for the Innovative Police Force Award 2023 by the World Police Summit, to be held in Dubai from March 7-9. Section 1. They are recognized for their tireless efforts despite some working in challenging environments where human trafficking concerns remain pervasive and facing resistance, opposition, or threats to their lives to protect victims, punish offenders, and mitigate the underlying factors that cause vulnerabilities traffickers often target. Shelly Westebbe As an Assistant Undersecretary within the Ministry of Administrative Development, Labor, and Social Affairs, he has initiated or executed many of the policies and programs that have had significant impacts for trafficking victims. We need to overcome the years of institutional bias and discrimination by politicians trying to criminalize our use of bathrooms or marriages. We must ensure that our commitment to victim-centered and trauma- and survivor-informed approaches when serving victims and survivors is uninterrupted. The project also provides specialised training for staff and volunteers at those homes, to enable them to provide care for the victims. Through collaboration, learning, and embracing innovation, I am confident that global anti-trafficking efforts will emerge stronger than ever. The Government of the DRC is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers and these efforts have accelerated since President Tshisekedi took office in January. The analysis is primarily focused on the traffickers conduct and not that of the victim. Laura Svat Rundlet During an early July 2019 evaluation meeting in Yaound, the Head of the DDR Committee, Francis Fai Yengo, stated that at least 56 armed separatist fighters in the Northwest and Southwest Regions were reported to have laid down their arms and joined DDR centers, while 109 Boko Haram fighters had laid down their weapons in the Far North Region and were being housed at the DDR center in Mora. China 2020 - 2021 Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. The report said corrupt government officials were not the only people involved in human trafficking in TT. 6. Kendra L. Kreider Jane Nady Sigmon Notably, the R-ARCSS requires the Government of South Sudan to refrain from the recruitment and/or use of child soldiers. When children experience familial trafficking, they may develop educational and social delays, physical health problems, and psychological disorders, such as complex post-traumatic stress disorder and attachment disorders. I believe that is true here. In Xinjiang, the government is the trafficker. PRC officials then defended the facilities as necessary measures to counter terrorism, while also claiming that many of them had already been closed. When a person younger than 18 is used to perform a commercial sex act, it is a crime regardless of whether there is any force, fraud, or coercion. Governments should continue working with neighbors and NGOs to address cross-border trafficking issues and support strong collaboration at the borders to identify and prevent trafficking. Prioritize and institutionalize survivor engagement by creating a budget line within the organization for consultations with lived experience experts. Overcoming and adapting to these broad impacts of the pandemic remain critical to an effective response against human trafficking. the estimated number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is very significant or is significantly increasing and the country is not taking proportional concrete actions; or. Beginning October 1, 2021, and effective throughout Fiscal Year 2022, these restrictions will apply to the listed countries, absent a presidential waiver, applicable exception, or reinstatement of assistance pursuant to the terms of the CSPA. The U.S. governments current security assistance goals with Nigeria are to: 1) increase the professionalism of the Nigerian armed forces, including respect for human rights and mitigating civilian harm; 2) reduce the threats violent extremist organizations pose to Nigeria and the Lake Chad region; and 3) increase security in the Gulf of Guinea. The purpose of the Network is to engage experts, particularly those with lived experience of human trafficking, to provide expertise and input on Department of State anti-trafficking policies, strategies, and products. Patrick Hamilton In three years, I had slept with over 500 people. As a result, APRAMP was able to remain active in reporting on sex trafficking trends, thus providing strategic information to other relevant stakeholders. Security assistance subject to the CSPA restriction that is currently provided to Nigeria includes IMET, Foreign Military Financing (FMF), PKO, Excess Defense Articles (EDA) and Department of Defense support provided pursuant to 10 U.S.C. The impacts of familial trafficking, both visible and not, and subsequent needs of survivors are often severe and complex, and they can be exacerbated by the onset of trauma during key childhood developmental stages. Uruguay Three police officers were prosecuted for trafficking crimes, and a customs officer was charged in April 2021 under the Immigration Act for aiding and abetting the illegal entry of a Venezuelan migrant, but the investigation, which included a probe into whether the case involved human trafficking, is still pending. The embassy spokesman said there were three main programmes through which the US Embassy and Department of State were co-ordinating counter-trafficking in TT. The courageous voices of survivors, their family members abroad, researchers, and international advocacy groups have thoroughly documented the PRCs discriminatory use of surveillance technologies and trumped-up administrative and criminal charges to abduct and detain more than one million Muslims, including Uyghurs, ethnic Hui, ethnic Kazakhs, ethnic Kyrgyz, ethnic Tajiks, and ethnic Uzbeks, in as many as 1,200 state-run internment camps throughout Xinjiang. Mongolia Maurice W. Johnson There were no other reports of child soldier use in 2019. Liberia Advisory Council on Human Trafficking was established to advise federal agencies on their anti-trafficking policies and programs, including on the application of this approach to their efforts. Masks and other personal protective equipment, as well as virtual engagements, reduce the ability to read facial and non-verbal cues and body language, which can be a survival mechanism for survivors. In Haiti, Niger, and Mali, gangs operating in IDP camps took advantage of reduced security and limited protection to force residents at the camp to perform commercial sex acts. Catherine E. Kay Greece US urges Trinidad and Tobago Government: Prosecute officials involved in human trafficking Ryan Hamilton-Davis. Such interference can have damaging effects on the ability of law enforcement, NGOs, and other victim service providers to respond to real cases. 1107 Addendum to the OSCE Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, Decision No. She continues to be a guiding force, bringing out the best in her team. These measures will go a long way to preventing labor abuse and exploitation, especially forced labor. It also organized a workshop on managing and mitigating TIP risks in procurement for ODIHR. Those with lived experience help run the mobile units, and they are able to effectively identify and approach potential trafficking victims. Regardless of socioeconomic background, child survivors of familial trafficking situations often have limited avenues for resources when seeking assistance. Monica Maurer However, that's changed. The President has determined it is in the national interest of the United States to waive in part the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Somalia to allow for the provision of IMET, PKO, and support provided pursuant to 10 U.S.C. In addition to putting a child trafficking victim at ease by providing a safe and structured environment for play and learning, such spaces also can help facilitate the prosecution of human traffickers by offering critical support to children as they provide information to law enforcement to help hold perpetrators accountable. Eritrea The United States continues to work with the FGS, including through the CPU, and the UN to monitor progress on the 2012 action plan and urge additional actions to prevent the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers and to demobilize, rehabilitate, and reintegrate children identified in the SNA or associated groups, or children previously associated with al-Shabaab. These stereotypes may affect, for example, which communities law enforcement target for anti-trafficking operations, which victim witnesses the criminal justice system deems credible, and which individuals process their experiences as exploitation and seek help. It is imperative that the public fully understand the negative effects that spreading and acting on these rumors and misinformation can have on service providers, victims and survivors, and the broader anti-trafficking field. Similarly, the Australian Border Force issued an information sheet on modern slavery and COVID-19 that provided guidance on how to reduce the risk of workers becoming more vulnerable to human traffickers as a result of the pandemic. Peru (Tier 2) - Anti-trafficking police conducted 65 operations in 2020, resulting in 214 detentions in the first three quarters of the year, compared with 186 operations and 364 detentions in 2019 and 158 operations and 423 detentions in 2018. Communicate updates on the progression of these changes. The Staff of the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons Is: Hadiyyah A. Abdul-Jalaal These PME courses would focus on the professionalization of military forces, and would bolster the rule of law within the Yemeni Armed Forces. Because of this increased vulnerability, establishing and maintaining child-friendly spaces is critical to prioritize during the pandemic; they can even be a safe place where children learn about public health protections such as social distancing, mask wearing, and proper hygiene. Kyrgyz Republic Since joining the Attorney Generals Office, her team has obtained 73 human trafficking convictions, issued 152 indictments for human trafficking, and initiated 941 human trafficking investigations. The inequities created by systemic racism have survived in part because of the intentional destruction of certain racial groups social support networks. Judges admitted virtual victim testimony via livestream in a separate room to allow victims to feel safer and prevent the potential spread of COVID-19. NGOs from various countries separately reported significant funding cuts due to COVID-19, which forced some to halt all assistance or cancel certain victim-support services. Page 2: Katie Orlinsyky When their employer abruptly left, the men were able to seek assistance at their national embassy. Uganda She and her team have developed anti-trafficking monitoring cells throughout the countrys capital composed of community members, whom SIFOS has trained and empowered to identify human trafficking within vulnerable populations, and to safely report suspected cases to authorities. Although some children may legally engage in certain forms of work, forcing or coercing children to work remains illegal. Page 29: Getty/Stefanie Glinski In many ways, the United States and other governments face human trafficking challenges and trends today that reflect the living legacy of the systemic racism and colonization globalized during the transatlantic slave trade through chattel slavery and regional practices of indigenous dispossession. While implementation of the action plan at the subnational level was limited until 2016, the SNAs Child Protection Unit (CPU), which is partially funded by the United States, put particular emphasis on screening, training and an aggressive media campaign. 2370c-1), the President has determined that it is in the national interest of the United States to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Afghanistan, Cameroon, Iraq, Libya, and Nigeria; and to waive, in part, the application of the prohibition with respect to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia, South Sudan, and Yemen. Financial institutions are required to comply with law enforcement processes seeking to identify traffickers assets, which can be seized, forfeited, and used toward restitution for victims. 333 will allow for U.S. government assistance to build the Somali militarys capacity to conduct effective, sustained counterterrorism operations against al-Shabaab and, through cooperation, help reinforce U.S. values including those related to preventing and responding to the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers. Because children are dependent on their families for their basic needs, such as food, shelter, and clothing, they are often faced with having basic needs unmet or physical violence if they dont comply with the trafficker. In 2019, official development assistance (ODA) made up one-tenth of external financial flows to developing countries, according to the OECD, which further predicted a decline of up to 8 percent in 2020 due to the impacts of COVID-19 on economies. The Secretary of State is authorized to waive this automatic downgrade only once, in that third year, based on credible evidence that a waiver is justified because the government has a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute making significant efforts to meet the TVPAs minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is devoting sufficient resources to implement the plan. Benilda was 12 when her neighbor, Joriz, offered to provide her with an education and ajob to pay her siblings school fees if she moved with him to Manila. The government of the country should prohibit severe forms of trafficking in persons and punish acts of such trafficking. Many organizations have published collaborative reports, such as Road to Recovery produced by Restore NYC, a U.S.-based service provider, in partnership with eight other anti-trafficking organizations, many of which were survivor-led and from various regions of the country, to present shared experiences and findings from service provision and organizational adaptations during COVID-19, as well as forward-looking takeaways. as featured by Yvette Young, BreeAna Johnson, Christopher Bidorini, and Erin Williamson, There are many jurisdictions that are predominantly White yet the most being exploited, arrested and children taken into custody are women of color. A crucial step for combating human trafficking in and out of the pandemic context is establishing specialized trafficking committees, offices, and/or units committed to ensuring anti-trafficking efforts are maintained and resources are less likely to be diverted. Kerry McBride James Taylor The cost of the projects with a specific focus on countering the trafficking of people in TT came up to about US$5.2 million. This waiver will allow the United States to provide security assistance that will support improving governance and the rule of law, promoting peace and security, combating corruption, advancing human rights, and creating conditions for greater U.S. investment and economic growth. Some governments expanded protective services, such as admitting live teleconference testimony in court or providing victims the option to testify remotely to avoid interacting with their traffickers. Some employees of NGOs that help identify and provide services to survivors of human trafficking have even faced threats of violence by followers of these theories. Palau Despite this, the successes, the failures, and even the unknown results of the anti-trafficking response to COVID-19 allowed for new insights and solutions to pave a better path forward. 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