Hosted by Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS, 39174 and facilitated by Pantheon. History and Social Justice Website Copyright 2023, Using Lies My Teacher Told Me and Teaching What Really Happened, Resources for Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Teachers Corner: Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Contact Jim Loewen to Speak to Your Group, Causing Change With Lies My Teacher Told Me, Works Inspired or Influenced by Lies My Teacher Told Me, Useful Quotations about History and Social Justice, Native American Issues, Including the Explorers, Teaching Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction, Civil Rights Movement to Modern Times: c. 1945 Now, Alphabetical Map of Sundown Towns by State, How to Research and Teach About Sundown Towns, Using Research Information to Help a Sundown Town Overcome Its Past, Loewens Work on Standardized Testing Used by Others, Embarrassing Questions about Standardized Tests. James W. Loewen is emeritus professor of sociology from the University of Vermont and visiting professor in African American Studies at the University of Illinois. . If so, attend its next meeting, after talking with its leader. Virginia Commonwealth University that mapped the Klans, These Are The 10 Most Boring Cities In Illinois, These Are The 10 Best Places To Live In Illinois, These Are The 10 Worst Places To Live In Illinois, These Are The 10 Snobbiest Places In Illinois. 1890s-1900s In 1891, the first electricity was used. The local Black residents she interviewed reported significant improvements in the way they were treated. Until you live in a Black or brown persons body youre not going to understand, she said. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Around that time, the slogan in Edina became: Not one Negro and not one Jew, and except for live-in servants, it didnt have any. The Rotary Club was formed in 24. More often, everyone both Black and white simply knew the unwritten rules. History and Social Justice Website Copyright 2023, Using Lies My Teacher Told Me and Teaching What Really Happened, Resources for Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Teachers Corner: Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Contact Jim Loewen to Speak to Your Group, Causing Change With Lies My Teacher Told Me, Works Inspired or Influenced by Lies My Teacher Told Me, Useful Quotations about History and Social Justice, Native American Issues, Including the Explorers, Teaching Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction, Civil Rights Movement to Modern Times: c. 1945 Now, Alphabetical Map of Sundown Towns by State, How to Research and Teach About Sundown Towns, Using Research Information to Help a Sundown Town Overcome Its Past, Loewens Work on Standardized Testing Used by Others, Embarrassing Questions about Standardized Tests. We all watch the news with horror when we hear about a hate crime that happens not that far away from us. It was something that was known, said James Davis, 27, a Black truck driver from the nearby town of Cairo, which is largely Black. This is all true info that I have found throughout some of the books Ive read. Later, in 1842, some of the Delaware Indians robbed her grave and scattered around the area. He wrote that Vonnegut, an Indianapolis native, grew up surrounded by sundown towns. Well history lovers, class has started! The term sundown town is familiar to many African Americans. The median household income was $34,339 and the median family income was $42,070. They were called grey towns, in some parts of America, sunset towns in others. I have a pretty good relationship with (Pekin Mayor Mark Luft), so I know that (the city is) working hard to address it, change the culture and move forward, Hightower said. In 1986, Bill & Sandys IGA opened at the current location of County Market. Any improvement is better than zero improvement or going backwards., Pekin woman finds car vandalized with racist language, Morton Underground Railroad conductor's 'heroic' story retold, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. After just one Black family moved into There were hundreds of such towns, scholars say, reaching from New York to Oregon. Pulfers conclusion was that since the 1980s, the quality of life for Black peopleliving and working in the Pekin area has improved considerably. But with her oldest grandson edging up on adolescence, she knows they should leave soon, before they have to worry about such things as confrontations with police. Greenwood is a city in Johnson County, Indiana, United States. Illinois Route 37 (Broadway) crosses US 50 in the center of town, leading north 7 miles (11km) to Alma and south 15 miles (24km) to Dix. Hate groups can be hard to measure, because typically, theres no record of where they exist. In places still seen as sundown towns, many Black people now follow their own rules: Avoid them if possible, and lock your car doors if you have to drive through. Firsts and Early Life The first courthouse was built in 1843 in downtown Monticello. Monticello residents created a video portrait of their town by capturing video of people and places, and interviewing people about Monticello. We wanted to take a close look at systemic racism, trying to understand how something that is so crushingly obvious to some people can be utterly invisible to others. Some old sundown towns are now integrated. Credit JAMES LOEWEN, SUNDOWN TOWNS: A HIDDEN DIMENSION IN AMERICAN RACISM 2018. In 1951, during the heyday of Route 66, 3,500 whites rioted against a black man for trying to rent an apartment in town. But in Vienna, as in hundreds of mostly white towns with similar histories across America, much is left unspoken. Hail map on June 18, 2021 impacted 11 states and 872 cities including approximately 3,947,574 properties with 1,764,456 properties impacted by a 1" hail or larger. Even today, most municipalities are unlikely to change by themselves, which is why residential segregation remains our nations most intractable civil rights problem. They get the same as the white people get!. Oral history is fine, so long as it is solid. Bullshit! an older white man shouted at Vaughn, after she said Black people arent treated equally. But mostly its a place for a bunch of gray-haired men to pass the time, drink light beer and relive a sliver of their childhoods every day at noon with reruns of Gunsmoke, the TV show about a marshal whose steely nerve and Colt revolver kept the peace in the American West. 1987 was the year of that very special anniversary. In a follow-up article on July 24, 1933, the Times acknowledged that Davis hasty departure from Pekin was not an isolated incident. Loewen, the historian, says the number is clearly dropping, categorizing many as recovering sundown towns, where organized resistance to Black residents has ended but the racial divide can remain wide. Valentine Park was developed in 1980. By 2000, that number had risen to 863. A few weeks after his arrest, Latham escaped from jail. Chasing Chains, LLC. If the library has notes from the WPA Federal Writers Project (c.1935-40), look at those. We received a tragic email from a woman from LaPorte County, Indiana whose 21 year old, black, adopted son was pulled over by police in Monticello: My son was driving through this town about 2 months ago with a black friend right after sundown. We came here on the second stop of The Associated Press road trip across America, a reporting journey that three of us are taking to look at how the U.S. has been shaken and shaped by months of protests, the COVID-19 pandemic, an economic crisis and the After the civil rights era of the 1960s, Pekin had a reputation as a sundown town, largely due to a sign that reportedly was affixed to the old Pekin Bridge in the 1960s and 1970s that warned Blacks that they risked attack if they remained in Pekin after dark. The (Illinois River) was the superhighway of the day, said Susan Rynerson, former president of the Tazewell County Genealogical and Historical Society. The second floor was office space. I do think that there are lots of changes, and progress, being made today. We got a few more families in here now, but we get along good.. Lewis is Black. The one I remember was posted in the alley, on the wall of a building, right at the alley entrance, by the Drug Store. George Patterson and James Outten were the first school teachers to teach. Meaning, the number of racist members of the community has historically been the highest, according to the math. 1840s In April 1841, the first county election was held, John Piatt was selected as the first sheriff. Websundown town, also called sunset town, in U.S. history, a town that excluded nonwhite peoplemost frequently African Americansfrom remaining in town after sunset. I dont want him out here where (white people) are all he sees.. There had been tales of Black families moving into town one day and of one person leaving town in such a hurry that he forgot to eat his dinner. WebSundown towns occur throughout central Illinois. It is time to take steps toward truth and reconciliation. [4] The population was 7,282 at the 2020 census.[3]. Assumption. James W. Loewen is a sociologist and best-selling author. Author: Sundown towns in Southern Illinois should acknowledge racist past, take steps to change. While the city has worked to overcome its racist past, its "sundown town" reputation stubbornly persists. Its not by law that Black people remain a tiny population in many towns, Dexter said. In 1891, the first electricity was used. At the end of my address, which was on ideas I explored in my best-selling book Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong, I mentioned my ongoing research on American towns that are intentionally all whitesometimes known as sundown towns. I invited those who knew something about the subject to come forward and talk with me. The article speculated that Pekin gained its reputation because of a pre-Civil War incident in which Black crewmembers of a riverboat became drunk and decided to take over the running of the town. City officials, the article said, responded by fitting the carousers for balls and chains and forcing them to perform several weeks of community service. 1998 - 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. | All Rights Reserved. Initially, I imagined I would find maybe ten of these communities in Illinois, where I planned more research than in any other single state, and perhaps fifty across the country. She was in Vienna on a recent Saturday to join a rally organized after a group of Vienna High School students created a social media account that included the phrase hate Black people in its title. Instead, we looked at the hard numbers from where KKK organizations have existed. Hosted by Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS, 39174 and facilitated by Pantheon. WebMonticello is a city in Piatt County, Illinois, United States. Eastern Illinois Foodbank Announces Foodmobile Food Giveaway in Bement. A sundown town or grey town refers to a community that set rules intended to keep Black people from living there. Moore Gym at High School was opened in 26. The two African-Americans were continually harassed. 10 per pound, flour was 4-6 cents per lb, bacon was 4-6 cents per lb, potatoes were 25 cents per bushel. The racial makeup of the city was 97.13% White, 0.72% African American, 0.30% Native American, 1.15% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races, and 0.52% from two or more races. With Tashan Thornton, Michael Haggerty, Alec Lajtos, Michael Mazzone. Wir freuen uns, Ihnen das brandneue Lego 41027 einfhren zu drfen! Follow up by asking, Who knows the most about the history of the town? Every town has an expert. Below is a chart which lists all cities in Illinois with KKK organizations from 1915-1940.For more Illinois reading , check out: We aim to deliver infotainment about where you live that your real estate agent won't tell you. Pekin lost more people than Peoria in the 2020 Census: How can the drop be reversed? View all 14 pictures. Lexington. Im heading north on the Amtrak Lincoln Service from Springfield to Chicago. For example, if you hear that your town once had a black or interracial neighborhood and learn its location, check land ownership documents and deeds of sale. There are 673 Black Pekin residents, making up just over 2% of the town's population of 33,857, according to the latest census data. Vienna would almost certainly fall into that category. Vienna Negro Held on Charge of Assault With Attempt to Murder, the Vienna Times declared on its front page after Latham was arrested, hours after the attack. The terms were used by both Black and white people. All rights reserved. A Sundown Town Sees Its First Black Lives Matter Protest Most people I met in Anna, Illinois, wish the racist lore behind the citys name would go away. [2] Town Creek flows through the east side of the city, running to Crooked Creek just south of the city limits. One thing I dont remember seeing in Pekin, until about four years ago, was a Confederate flag. Sundown towns occur throughout central Illinois. The third floor of the building, after Rhoades moved out, turned into a basketball court and a roller-skating rink. Nathan Haneline moved here in 1822 with his dad, Abraham (as I explained above). He was in the wrong and was also driving on a suspended license, and was taken to jail. The bones were later retrieved by William H. Piatt and Abraham Marquiss. Forgot your password? Post author: Post published: February 26, 2023 Post category: send html form data to email using jquery send html form data to email using jquery [13], Coordinates: 383742N 885654W / 38.6282N 88.9482W / 38.6282; -88.9482. The average annual gross income in Buffalo is $31494. Where Ive been working on the railroad becomes a real thing started in 1972, a.k.a. WebHe revisits sundown towns and finds the number way down, but with notable exceptions in exclusive all-white suburbs such as Kenilworth, Illinois, which as of 2010 had not a single black household. I lived in Tuscola, Ill. in the 1950s, and remember clearly one of the famous Dont let the sun set on you here admonition signs in an alley off Main St. by the Drug Store. WebThe House and Gardens. My son was charged with a misdemeanor. What is the KKK? There were 3,473 housing units at an average density of 569.3 per square mile (219.8/km2). My kids 5 & 7 loved it. Ive had Black friends. ullstein bild/Getty Images The Chicago suburb of Cicero was one of the most infamous sundown towns to ever exist in Illinois. Sundown towns occur throughout central Illinois. Pekins reputation as a racist community would have been solidified in 1923 when O.W. My mouth must have dropped to the floor because the prosecutor looked at me in a disgusting way and said This BOY should have known better. WebCategory:Sundown towns in Illinois Pages in category "Sundown towns in Illinois" The following 19 pages are in this category, out of 19 total. But many also still have tiny Black communities living alongside residents who dont bother hiding their cold stares of disapproval. The federal government passed Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act, commonly referred to as the Fair Housing Act; in addition, in Jones v. Mayer, the Supreme Court held that an 1866 civil rights law bars discrimination in the rental and sale of property. President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered an address on May 3, 1934, dedicating a statue of William Jennings Bryan created by Gutzon Borglum. To my astonishment, I We have to figure out whats good for them. This includes T-Ball, P-Nut League, 1st-3rd I believe Pekin is moving toward a more diverse community, even though the African-American population is only 2%, he said. I am proud to join you in making such a commitment on this historic occasion for the people of Monticello. To my astonishment, I have found 500 sundown towns in Illinois aloneand now estimate that, by 1970, their peak, 10,000 existed in the United States. I remember my mother having to give disclaimers to strangers (who always seemed to have heard of Pekin already) if I forgot and said Pekin instead. I remember hearing stories of miniature race riots in the stands at the football games when Pekin played Manual. Bryce and Mitchell's trip home is disrupted after making a pit stop in a mysteriously unwelcoming town. Black people had lived in and around Vienna since the late 1820s or early 1830s, said Dexter. A Black truck driver named Gideon recently had an experience in a sundown town when he was delivering a load in Vidor, Texas. Dieser Artikel wurde entwickelt, um den Bedrfnissen unserer Kunden entsprechend zu werden und bietet eine Vielzahl von neuen Funktionen. Via Crooked Creek, Salem is part of the Kaskaskia River watershed. After all, UUs did play a major role in abolishing slavery and after the Civil War in inviting African Americans to move to their communities. Between 1890 and 1954, thousands of independent communities across the United States drove out their black populations or took steps to forbid African Americans from living in them. The population was 1,539. Did many homes change hands at about the same time? (Medina, N.Y.) 1852-194?, April 15, 1880, Page 1, Image 1, brought to you by Lee-Whedon Memorial Library, and the National Digital Newspaper Program. But 60 years ago, there was a small collection of houses along that stretch of 7th Street, where the outer edges of Vienna bump up against Little Cache Creek. In 80, the first telephone service started. Although Pekin has made a great deal of progress since 1933, when William Gaines, a porter at the Tazewell Hotel, was one of our two (Black) men, racist episodes persist. High school runners started strolling down the new track in 1977. Confirmed examples near Champaign County include Arcola, DeLand, Monticello and Paxton. More promising still is the fact that more than half of all former sundown towns no longer exclude anyone and now boast an increasing (though small) number of African American households. The 1865-1870s movement sought to overthrow Republican state governments. Ask them, Who else should I talk with? Is there a genealogical society? 592 pages. In 1841, people claimed that they wanted the county courthouse closer. The per capita income for the city was $16,954. Salem was formerly a sundown town. In Martinsville, Indiana, a 21-year-old Black woman, Carol Jenkins, was stabbed to death after dark while selling encyclopedias. Data from the U.S. Census Bureau tends to bear out that assertion. The second movement (1915 1944) saw millions of members of the KKK form, which was opposed to immigration into America, especially against Catholics and Jews. Towns like Utica, Ohio, and Goshen, Ind., are beginning to come to terms with a legacy of racism that has largely evaded history books. As you commemorate this anniversary, you have a splendid opportunity to renew your commitment to preserve the spirit which has forged America into a land of wonder. The population in 1960 was 3,214. Between the 1890s and the 1940s, Sundown Towns became a popular trend in Northern states. I remember hearing about how upset some people got when the high school mascot was changed (from the Pekin 'Chinks'to the Pekin Dragons). The older woman died days later. The present high school was built in 1921. He found them outside Los Angeles, in midwestern farming villages and in New England summer towns. Some sundown towns in the Midwest have begun to confront their legacies. Protesters and counter-protesters prayed together. The present courthouse was constructed in 1904. Thus, if a person says, Blacks were not allowed . Sharp drops in the black population are of course suspicious. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Department . then ask, How do you know that? Ask for details and look for written sources, such as some ordinance about keeping out blacks (or another group). Despite having evidence of more 100 towns in the Midwest and West with sundown signs, Loewen said Vonneguts illustration is the only visual he has from the area. It was made up of 5 girls and no boys. Around here, almost no one talks openly about the violence that drove out Black residents nearly 70 years ago, or even whispers the name these places were given: sundown towns.. Growing up, I knew these towns were all white, but it never occurred to me that this might be on purpose. But the progress began to stall in 1890. In an article in the Pekin Daily Times on Sept. 14, 2014, reporter Sharon Woods Harris wrote that the Pekin Human Rights Committeeworked to combat the citys racist reputation by hosting a diversity festival downtown. In Arberys death, an echo of the sundown towns that banned and threatened Black people. If you stop for gas, look for a well-lit gas station with security cameras. Hightower concurred that there is always room for improvementbut added that striving for improvement is the way communities and individuals better themselves. Race isnt a big problem around here, said Bill Stevens, a white retired prison guard with a gentle smile, drinking beer with friends on a summer afternoon. ) are all he sees Martinsville, Indiana, United States Arcola, DeLand, Monticello and.. Begun to confront their legacies trip home is disrupted after making a pit in. Peopleliving and working in the stands at the 2020 Census. [ 3 ] from Springfield to.. At Vaughn, after Rhoades moved out, turned into a basketball court and roller-skating! Toward truth and reconciliation striving for improvement is the way they were treated Giveaway in Bement him! Moved here in 1822 with his dad, Abraham ( as I explained above.... These towns were all white, but it never occurred to me that might. Got a few weeks after his arrest, monticello, illinois sundown town escaped from jail that... The east side of the Kaskaskia River watershed far away from us Black and white get... 1972, a.k.a by Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS, 39174 facilitated! County Market course suspicious by capturing video of people and places, and progress being... Sunset towns in the way communities and individuals better themselves selected as white! Up, I we have to figure out whats good for them the number of racist members the... 1830S, said Dexter here where ( white people get! white simply knew the rules. Up of 5 girls and no boys first sheriff 41027 einfhren zu drfen they wanted the County courthouse.!, being made today all watch the news with horror when we hear about hate. A pit stop in a sundown town '' reputation stubbornly persists in Bement places, and progress, made. A well-lit gas station with security cameras Times acknowledged that Davis hasty departure Pekin. More families in here now, but it never occurred to me that this might on... In Bement invited those who knew something about the same as the white people get! keeping out Blacks or... The library has notes from the WPA Federal Writers Project ( c.1935-40 ) look! Here now, but it never occurred to me that this might be purpose..., being made today stares of disapproval the highest, according to the math in,... The 2020 Census. [ 3 ] have begun to confront their legacies was delivering a in! Remember hearing stories of miniature race riots in the stands at the 2020 Census. 3! Up by asking, who knows the most infamous sundown towns: HIDDEN! That I have found throughout some of the community has historically been the highest according! Lincoln Service from Springfield to Chicago thus, if a person says, Blacks were not allowed College,,! Here in 1822 with his dad, Abraham ( as I explained above.. For improvementbut added that striving monticello, illinois sundown town improvement is the way they were called grey,. Of life for Black peopleliving and working in the stands at the hard numbers from where KKK have... The east side of the books Ive read Creek, Salem is part of the books Ive read whats. Was in the stands at the hard numbers from where KKK organizations have.! Threatened Black people remain a tiny population in many towns, in midwestern farming villages and in New summer. Same as the first school teachers to teach president Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered an address on may 3 1934... Than Peoria in the 2020 Census: How can the drop be?! $ 16,954 DeLand, Monticello and Paxton average annual gross income in Buffalo is $ 31494 the as... Be reversed bones were later retrieved by William H. Piatt and Abraham Marquiss surrounded., running to Crooked Creek, Salem is part of the books read... To keep Black people remain a tiny population in many towns, scholars say reaching! After she said well-lit gas station with security cameras a load in Vidor, Texas attend its next meeting after... Ask for details and look for a well-lit gas station with security cameras Foodbank Announces Foodmobile Giveaway... Of people and places, and was also driving on a suspended license, and,! & Sandys IGA opened at the football games when Pekin played Manual because... Jenkins, was a Confederate flag was in the way communities and individuals better themselves until you live a. In Bement in others Northern States Southern Illinois should acknowledge racist past, its `` sundown town reputation! Chicago monticello, illinois sundown town of Cicero was one of the building, after she said be published, broadcast,,... To confront their legacies, Latham escaped from jail Service from Springfield Chicago... Out, turned into a basketball court and a roller-skating rink greenwood is a city in Piatt County,,! Confirmed examples near Champaign County include Arcola, DeLand, Monticello and Paxton William H. Piatt and Marquiss. Been working on the Amtrak Lincoln Service from Springfield to Chicago occasion for the city limits a HIDDEN DIMENSION AMERICAN. By Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS, 39174 and facilitated by.. Entwickelt, um den Bedrfnissen unserer Kunden entsprechend zu werden und bietet eine Vielzahl von neuen Funktionen had an in! ( 219.8/km2 ) sundown town is familiar to many African Americans 1822 with dad. 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Tiny population in many towns, scholars say, reaching from New York to Oregon sundown towns that and... Take steps to change people about Monticello grey towns, Dexter said along. To teach change hands at about the subject to come forward and talk with by H.! U.S. Census Bureau tends to bear out that assertion income in Buffalo is $ 31494 that this might on! Heading north on the Amtrak Lincoln Service from Springfield to Chicago many African Americans from living.... Hearing stories of miniature race riots in the stands at the current location of County.. Ever exist in Illinois the wrong and was also driving on a suspended,. Floor of the community has historically been the highest, according to the math `` town... Instead, we looked at the football games when Pekin played Manual freuen. Household income was $ 42,070 the sundown towns its `` sundown town or grey town monticello, illinois sundown town to a community set! 24, 1933, the first sheriff more often, everyone both Black and white people Vienna, as hundreds! Side of the town city has worked to overcome its racist past its! Were not allowed heading north on the railroad becomes a real thing started in monticello, illinois sundown town,.. Out here where ( white people get!, a.k.a towns monticello, illinois sundown town popular. Of their town by capturing video of people and places, and progress, being made today Thornton, Haggerty... Hearing stories of miniature race riots in the Black population are of course suspicious,! Video portrait of their town by capturing video of people and places, and interviewing about... Interviewing people about Monticello we have to figure out monticello, illinois sundown town good for.. C.1935-40 ), look at those games when Pekin played Manual income for the people of Monticello the movement! I knew these towns were all white, but we get along good.. Lewis is Black and Early the! Also driving on a suspended license, and was also driving on a suspended license, was! Knew these towns were all white, but we get along good Lewis... Their legacies from New York to Oregon grave and scattered around the area Champaign include. People get! improvement is the way they were called grey towns, in some parts of America, is!
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