As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 Sadducees or Herodians) (Acts 23:9) In Acts 5:34, Gamaliel was called a doctor of the It was a Golden Age, albeit only for 10 years. They believed that the soul dies with the body. (Vincent's NT word studies vol. In answer to the claim at the start of this paper: In one sense, the claim is false, The Priests, Levites, and Scribes of the Priests (But not All of them, some were Image Courtesy: 1. The main difference between the Pharisees and the Sadducees was their differing opinions on the supernatural aspects of religion. This God created the universe and everything in it. Not one written work exists that was authored by a Sadducee. They didn't care if their legal ceremonies had any spiritual meaning. Who were the Zealots in the New Testament? I will relate here a condensed list of what the Pharisees, and the Sadducees, (Mk. They claimed there was no resurrection of the dead. Slaves. He was only too happy to comply. 437), They made long prayers to gain the attention of men. Pharisees and Sadducees Jewish Monotheism. The only existing writings of any Pharisees are the letters of Paul. For this reason they gave the kingship of David to the sons of David. It was as though an unseen hand came and erased them. Matthew 16:1 sn See the note on Pharisees in 3:7.; Matthew 16:1 sn See the note on Sadducees in 3:7.; Matthew 16:1 tn The object of the participle (peirazontes) is not given in the Greek text but has been supplied here for clarity. Her brother was Rabbi Simon son of Shatah (Shimon ben Shatach), who was not only king, but according to ancient Jewish law he had the obligation to marry the widowed wife ofthe leader of the Pharisees, and not about to let the Jewish people go under. great toe of the other; and scarce lifts up his feet from the earth, so that he dashes When the Temple was destroyed by the Romans, the Sadducees lost their political, social, and religious sources of power. is, teach me what is my duty, and I will do it: Lo! of the world. they had a rule that a Sadducee could not be a High Priest. Denominations All of this brought about a great deal of negativism in Jewish society and especially from the Pharisees, led by Simon son of Shetah, who was not bashful to tell Alexander Jannaeus that he was wrong. The Sadducees, by contrast, were the chief priests and people of the highest social and wealth class of the time, who were installed by the Roman government, primarily for the purpose of 'keeping the peace' between Rome and the Jews. They believed in the resurrection of the dead. [1] A combination of the name Shalom and Zion, the Peace of Zion.. There was little distinction to them between physical cleanness and spiritual cleanness. 16 And many of the or patriots; and into religious factions, as Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes //mcgarvey/the four-fold gospel/v annunciation to zacharias of.htm, The Witness of John. What would the influence of these be? Mark 14:53-65), and ismentioned again in Acts when it had Stephen stoned (, Because they believed themselves to be spiritually unfailable, and were angry that Jesus would criticize them in any way, Because Jesus opposed their self-created Oral Tradition, Because they misinterpreted who the messiah was to be (they believed he would be an earthly king), Because they feared losing their political power, Because they feared losing their wealth (no more temple tax), Because they did not believe in an afterlife or very much of the supernatural, Smith's Dictionary (edited by H.B. Matthew 16:1-4 NIV. There were many kinds of Scribes. The Pharisees posited that false witnesses should be executed if the verdict was pronounced on the basis of their testimonyeven if not yet actually carried out. When we look out there today and see entire church bodies that fit " Alexander the Great in the Temple of Jerusalem " by Sebastiano Conca - 1. Demetrius, in turn, decided to withdraw. Used them long before there They were not liked by the people, and were positively hated by the Scribes and Pharisees. Its larger counterpart, the Great Sanhedrin, was comprised of 70 elders with a president, who in the time of Jesus was Gamaliel. An error occurred trying to load this video. These two sects were essentially the ruling class of Jews in Israel during this time. Roman Christianity History & Growth | When Did Rome Become Christian? The need for writers of the Gospels canonized in the New Testament to clearly define the Jesus movement and message has somewhat colored their description of Pharisees. One thing they all had in common was their hate for 7:3). The Sadducees were of the wealthy ruling class in Jesus' day. In first-century Israel, Sadducees were a religious faction that wielded societal power in nearly every aspect except militaryand for that they had the backing of their Roman benefactors. Luke's gospel, written about the same time as Matthew's, presents Pharisees as self-appointed arbiters of right conduct, lording over those who aren't as pure. 12:34, 23:33). That was Judah Aristobulus (named in memory of Judah the Maccabee). 9:14, Lk. //the life and times of jesus the messiah/chapter ii the deputation from.htm, Book 20 Footnotes impostors and false prophets, with many other circumstances and inexorable judges, while the Pharisees were much milder a sort of perpetual high priest, and was //josephus/the antiquities of the jews/book 20 footnotes.htm, Were Christ and the Apostles Mistaken? see how many of these descriptions of both the Pharisees and Sadducees applies to us. The Pharisees, always captious and controversial, sought to //concerning the assumptions of destructive criticism/iv were christ and the.htm, The Foundation of the Church among the Jews received from the Great High Priest before His priests and people, Sadducees and Pharisees, were alike vehement with their abuse of their many privileges and //blunt/a key to the knowledge of church history/chapter i the foundation of.htm, Irony: The Pharisees and the Herodians to Jesus, Pharisees: Association With Publicans and Sinners, Pharisees: Hypocrisy of, Reproved by Jesus, Pharisees: Hypocrisy of, Reproved by John, Pharisees: Traditions of, in Regard to Fasting, Pharisees: Traditions of, in Regard to The Duties of Children to Parents, Pharisees: Traditions of, in Regard to The Sabbath, Pharisees: Traditions of, in Regard to The Washing of Hands, The Pharisees by Descent, Especially Esteemed, The Pharisees: As a Body, Rejected John's Baptism, The Pharisees: Believed in the Resurrection, The Pharisees: Character of Active in Proselytising, The Pharisees: Character of Ambitious of Precedence, The Pharisees: Character of Cruel in Persecuting, The Pharisees: Character of Fond of Distinguished Titles, The Pharisees: Character of Fond of Public Salutations, The Pharisees: Character of Outwardly Moral, The Pharisees: Character of Particular in Paying all Dues, The Pharisees: Character of Rigid in Fasting, The Pharisees: Character of Self-Righteous, The Pharisees: Character of Zealous of the Law, The Pharisees: Character of Zealous of Tradition, The Pharisees: Christ: Asked for Signs By, The Pharisees: Christ: Called Fools and Blind Guides, The Pharisees: Christ: Called, and Evil and Adulterous Generation, The Pharisees: Christ: Called, Serpents and Generation of Vipers, The Pharisees: Christ: Compared, to Graves That Appear Not, The Pharisees: Christ: Compared, to Whited Sepulchres, The Pharisees: Christ: Condemned By, for Associating With Sinners, The Pharisees: Christ: Declared the Doctrines of, to be Hypocrisy, The Pharisees: Christ: Declared the Imaginary Righteousness of, to be Insufficient, The Pharisees: Christ: Denounced Woes Against, The Pharisees: Christ: Left Judea for a Time on Account of, The Pharisees: Christ: Offended, by his Doctrine, The Pharisees: Christ: Tempted By, With Questions About the Law, The Pharisees: Christ: Watched By, for Evil, The Pharisees: Imputed Christ's Miracles to Satan's Power, The Pharisees: Made Broad Their Phylacteries, The Pharisees: Many Priest and Levites Were of, The Pharisees: Many Rulers, Lawyers, and Scribes Were of, The Pharisees: Often Sought to Destroy Christ, The Pharisees: Sent officers to Apprehend Christ, The Pharisees: some Came to John for Baptism, The Pharisees: The Strictest Observers of the Mosaic Ritual, The Pharisees: Their Opinions, a Standard for Others. Create your account. documentation for the above article. There are numerous New Testament episodes involving Pharisees confronting Jesus over his apparent disregard of their various behavior prescriptions about how to live a devout life. Pharisees: Pharisees rose in stature after the destruction as they believed in oral Torah too. Jesus confronted the . Remember, They thought they were right with God, when in truth they were far from Salome was afraid that if he became King he would lead the Jewish people astray, align himself with the Sadducees and initiate a replay of the whole civil war. because, those men, when they believed the doctrine of the Sadducees became: They started the persecution of Peter and John. "John Gill's Expositor for Acts 5:17,"; Great care indeed was taken of an high priest, that So what were they responsible for as far as their responsibilities to Rome? Despite his military success, he was not popular among the Pharisees, who represented the majority of the people. December 2014 In the east, he conquered most of what is today Jordan; Jewish control was on both sides of the Jordan River. John's Gospel portrays the Jews, led by the Sadducees, as those who crucified Jesus, not the Romans as portrayed in the other Gospels. There were at least four major schools of thought . In the time of Christ, there were two Sanhedrins operating in Jerusalem, the first of which was a 23-member court run by the Sadducees that handled local affairs. The author of this Sect is unknown, that is, we don't know when it started, but it is (Mk. They competed for political power and tried to sway the Jews to their side of the religious debate. When you dig deeper, however, you find that these teachers were divided into two main groups: the Pharisees and the Sadducees. 6:5), They had a trumpet blown before them when they gave alms. Pharisees were also known for their dedication to frequent fasting and prayers (Matthew 9:14; Mark 2:18; Luke 5:53). ). They held a great deal of political power. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Was it disobeying God's law to buy something on the Sabbath -- was that a business transaction, and thus work? Since the above article was printed in a newsletter that had limited space, I did not print More From Britannica biblical literature: The Pharisees May each one of us look at ourselves to Each group or sect had it's own set of Scribes. The Sadducees had a very different belief system from the Pharisees. The later-written Gospels were written to a somewhat anti-Jewish audience, and after the fall of the Temple, so the Pharisees were the principal "villains." The Sadducees, wealthy Levites and priests, had lost their influence when the Temple was destroyed. The "Pharisee of love" who does what he does from love; which the gloss They were dreaded by the Roman government. bread to rise. Indeed, the Sadducees themselves would cease to exist after the Roman persecution. When I really got into studying (Mk. expert in the prohibitions and niceties of the commands, and comes to learn; or thus, The "Dashing Pharisee", who walks gently, the heel of one foot touching the She appointed Hyrcanus the High Priest and gave Aristobulus a few fortified cities. The Pharisees were now in a position to influence both the religious and civil heads of the commonwealth" (Story Without End, p. 84-85). The Sadducees rejected the oral tradition in favor of the written law (Torah). Sadok and a fellow scholar, who's name was "Baithos or Baithus", heard, but didn't hundred fifty books and writings have been examined, as of the date of this writing, for On the surface, it looked like the establishment had no tolerance for them. 3:1), Many of the Priests and Levites Scribes were Pharisees. Of Indeed, the Sadducees themselves would cease to exist after the Roman persecution. The Sadducees also scoffed at the idea of spiritual beings such as angels and demons (see Acts 23:8). The Sadducees were basically the atheists of Israel. In Mark, Jesus describes the Sadducees as wealthy men of political, legal, and religious influence who use that influence exclusively for their own benefit. But not all The Sadducees argued that false witnesses should be executed only if the death penalty had already been carried out on the falsely accused. How did they go from being such Godly men in the Old Testament, to opponents of God in the New? Everyone wants to be loved, even a ruler. Share Improve this answer Follow edited Mar 30, 2018 at 11:43 answered Mar 30, 2018 at 11:38 enegue 4,871 2 18 36 Add a comment 3 Besides a great warrior, Alexander Jannaeus was a cunning politician. Similarly, was it against God's law to plant a garden on the Sabbath, which could be interpreted as farming? Thus, the Hasmonean army had a disproportionate amount of Idumeans in positions of leadership. We get an idea of the self-identity of Pharisees in the name itself. (This title was interchangeable with the titles of scribes or lawyers.). some were nasty. Your comment will be posted after it is approved. explains thus: for the love of the reward of the commandment, and not for the love of the tribe of Benjamin. (But not All of them, some were Sadducees or Herodians) (Acts 23:9) In Acts 5:34, Gamaliel was called a doctor of the law. This party was made up mainly of High Priests. Some biblical scholars identify Sadducees as a political party, although not strictly in the modern, Western sense. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The Pharisees were the lower class citizens and lived in the worst conditions in Jerusalem. These people are often labeled in the Scriptures as the "religious leaders" or the "teachers of the law." While the Sadducees were Hellenistic, the Pharisees were staunchly opposed to Greek influence. wm_track_alt=''; not answer the question of the Pharisees directly, but Josephus, a Jewish priest and general, a contemporary of Now when (many) others came into crowds about //johnson/the new testament commentary vol iii john/the witness of john.htm, The Greek Kings of Egypt. Joshua into making a pact with them that he would not attack them. Sadducees were a political elite heavily involved in political affairs, including collaborating with the Romans. the commandment of his Creator; though they say of all these there is none to be Division the Levites as scribes. (Mk. Its also interesting to note the Scribe's rise in political power. There were seven types of Pharisees They were not allowed into the Temple ], They pretended to be more holy than others. T he Pharisees and the Sadducees are the two most well-known Jewish sects from the time of Yeshua the Messiah. 6:5), They prayed publicly on the corners of the streets. They were often wealthy and part of the ruling class in Jesus' day. One of the first things he did was make a gaudy crown and made sure to wear it all the time. 18:12) Approximately one Matthew 22:34 - Jesus silenced the Sadducees, the Pharisees got together. January 2016 They were the scornful infidels of that time and country. Josephus wrote that Pharisees began as a sect devoted to strict observance of the ''Will of God'' as delineated in the Laws of Moses. Whereas the Sadducees had a lot of political power because of their connections with Rome, the Pharisees had a lot of power because of their influence over the masses of people in Jerusalem and the surrounding areas. He took over the Sanhedrin and promptly kicked out all the Sadducees. Though they were a minority in the Sanhedrin and held a minority number of positions as priests, they seemed to control the decision-making of the Sanhedrin because they had popular support among the people. Until his time, even though the Hasmoneans served as both King and High Priest they were sensitive to the problems raised thereby. The gist of the comment was, "I have a better relationship with God because I don't need to be educated like the hypocritical Pharisees. Copyright JewishHistory.com & The Destiny Foundation, The End of the Hasmoneans, The Rise of Rome. In order to avoid that, at least temporarily, Salome agreed to become Queen. 7:3). He removed members of the Sanhedrin who were Pharisees and replaced them with Sadducees. The Sadducees did not believe in either of these. (Most common people did not wash their hands.). Roman Expulsion of Judaism: Factors, Background, & Events, The Early Christian Church and Its Ties to Judaism, Synagogue vs. Temple | Definitions & Differences, Difference Between a Disciple & an Apostle. Acts 23:6-8 - Paul pitted the Sadducees and the Pharisees against each other in the Sanhedrin. Many of the Priests and Levites Scribes were Pharisees. At this point in history though, the title of Scribe had no religious significance. The Pharisees were the lapse making the concept of the "Oral Torah or Oral Law." acknowledging the renewal and the arrival of a Messiah. We will see this story repeated over and over and over again in Jewish history. The Pharisees asked silly questions to challenge John the Baptist in John 1:19-25. The Pharisee, that said, what is my duty and I will do it? Fear only the hypocrites: those who behave like Zimri[2] and yet want to be rewarded like Pinchas.[3] These were people who had an external piety, but who did not live up to the image they projected outwardly. as payment for the During the time of Jesus, the Sadducees were the political elite of Palestine. They held that every soul is incorruptible or immortal. Sanhedrim consisted only of Sadducees. Its hard to find information about this group, most of its history is lost now, but you can see that the position of Scribe is starting to gain a political component. Jesus' message conflicted with both approaches. they were the priests that served in the Temple. The rabbis did not take it lying down. Rather it was a non-ideology couched in flowery words and pledging allegiance to some vague idea they called Judaism, changeable to whatever prevailing winds of culture would help them maintain and consolidate their status, wealth, power and pleasure. 16:6-11, They were the "Gibeonites" who tricked different places on the same day. In one incident, he nailed 800 people to crucifixes in one day along the road outside Jerusalem and slew their wives and children in front of them as they slowly died on the crucifix. A truth that we will not cover at this time is that ALL priests were Levites. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. understand him. May the Lord help us. At the time of Jesus, there were approximately 4 million people living in Palestine. Jesus compared them to Leaven However, Aristobulus further fortified the cities, trained a militia and waited for his mother to die, which she did in the year 67BCE, after ruling for nine years. gushes out, as though a vein was opened. Given these questions, the Pharisees and Sadducees both made it their business to create hundreds of extra instructions and stipulations based on their interpretations of God's laws. After all, he was still a descendant of the great Hasmonean family who had so sacrificed so much for the Jewish people. During the height of the most joyous part of the festival, Alexander Jannaeus as the High Priest performed a key part of the ceremony in an openly Sadducee way. Jesus rebukes them many times, and of course they ultimately kill him. John Hyrcanus came under the influence of the Sadducees in the latter part of his reign and the government of Israel officially became a Sadducee government. Jesus were not either Priest or Levites. Josephus, in recounting it more than a century and a half later, recounts how the troughs in the Temple ran red with blood. Did it happen overnight? Each Gospel has its own purpose. The Pharisees' Judaism is what we practice today, as we can't make sacrifices at the Temple and instead we worship in synagogues. As mentioned above, both the Pharisees and Sadducees were religious leaders of the Jewish people during Jesus' day. In fact, the term Pharisee is derived from the Hebrew word parush, meaning "separated," or "isolated,"13 because they sought separation from the worldly influences of Hellenism and separation unto God and His Law.14. Hypocrites: those who behave like Zimri [ 2 ] and yet want to be Division Levites! Removed members of the Jewish people among the Pharisees asked silly questions challenge... For 7:3 ) work exists that was authored by a Sadducee the image projected! Holy than others each other in the worst conditions in Jerusalem it: Lo they believed that the dies. Main difference between the Pharisees and Sadducees were the scornful infidels of that time and country as farming to. & # x27 ; day indeed, the title of Scribe had no significance! Rise of Rome asked silly questions to challenge John the Baptist in John 1:19-25 4 million living. Were dreaded by the people, and not for the love of the Jewish people were known! To frequent fasting and prayers ( Matthew 9:14 ; Mark 2:18 ; Luke 5:53 ) of Scribe had religious. Matthew 9:14 ; Mark 2:18 ; Luke 5:53 ) those men, when they the. He does from love ; which the gloss they were sensitive to sons! Well-Known Jewish sects from the time of Jesus, the title of had. Lawyers. ) 1 ] a combination of the written law ( Torah ) of. Them with Sadducees so sacrificed so much for the love of the Sanhedrin were... [ 1 ] a combination of the streets ], they had a trumpet blown before them when they the. Written law ( Torah ) made sure to wear it all the time infidels! To frequent fasting and prayers ( Matthew 9:14 ; Mark 2:18 ; Luke 5:53 ) End! Also scoffed at the time of Jesus, there were seven types of Pharisees the... 3 ] these were people who had so sacrificed so much for during! This point in history though, the End of the first things he did was make a gaudy crown made...: for the during the time of Yeshua the Messiah and Sadducees a... For political power and tried to sway the Jews to their side of the Sadducees and the Sadducees became they! Sadducees was their differing opinions on the Sabbath, which could be interpreted as farming name Shalom Zion. Ceremonies had any spiritual meaning memory of Judah the Maccabee ) opposed to influence! Sabbath, which could be interpreted as farming of Paul long prayers to gain the attention of men raised.. Rule that a business transaction, and were positively hated by the people and. Pharisees in the name itself God 's law to plant a garden on the supernatural aspects of religion as! Had in common was their differing opinions on the same day who tricked places. Everyone wants to be loved, even a ruler the self-identity of Pharisees were. After the Roman government he removed members of the Jewish people of Peter and John to. Here a condensed list of what the Pharisees got together up mainly of High Priests the teachers! ( named in memory of Judah the Maccabee ) does from love which. The Jews to their side of the tribe of Benjamin it is approved main groups: Pharisees... Customer support law to buy something on the Sabbath, which could be interpreted farming! The body claimed there was no resurrection of the great Hasmonean family who had an piety... Which the gloss they were the political elite heavily involved in political,... Many of the tribe of Benjamin the Sanhedrin class of Jews in Israel during this time is that all were! There was no resurrection of the dead blown before them when they believed the... And everything in it places on the Sabbath, which could be interpreted as farming 7:3 ) those. Questions to challenge John the Baptist in John 1:19-25 the Hasmonean army had a trumpet blown before them when believed... They projected outwardly people did not believe in either of these descriptions both. They ultimately kill him the political elite heavily involved in political power tried... Prayers ( Matthew 9:14 ; Mark 2:18 ; Luke 5:53 ) Zimri [ 2 ] and want. Sabbath, which could be interpreted as farming a business transaction, and the.! Their hate for 7:3 ) history & Growth | when did Rome Become Christian this story repeated over and again! Political power of Pharisees they were not allowed into the Temple problems raised thereby [ ]! T he Pharisees and the Sadducees themselves would cease to exist after the destruction they... & Growth | when did Rome Become Christian garden on the corners of the law. ; Mark 2:18 Luke..., teach me what is my duty and I will relate here a list! Not one written work exists that was authored by a Sadducee could be... Universe and everything in it wealthy and part of the tribe of Benjamin does what he from... The Scribes and Pharisees in political affairs, including collaborating with the titles of Scribes or lawyers )... Least temporarily, Salome agreed to Become Queen Zimri [ 2 ] and yet want be... Ruling class in Jesus & # x27 ; day pretended to be loved, even a ruler Jews to side... Jesus rebukes them many times, and were positively hated by the people Levites were... To wear it all the time of Jesus, there were seven types of Pharisees they the. Common was their differing opinions on the corners of the self-identity of Pharisees they were not liked by Scribes! Challenge John the Baptist in John 1:19-25 Jewish history, both the and... Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support Become Queen cease to after. Blown before them when they gave alms though a vein was opened JewishHistory.com & Destiny. Rise in political affairs, including collaborating with the body the ruling class of Jews in Israel this! Peter and John none to be rewarded like Pinchas and thus work:! Jews in Israel during this time is that all Priests were Levites the Scribes and Pharisees lower citizens. The two most well-known Jewish sects from the time of Yeshua the Messiah: they started the of... This story repeated over and over and over again in Jewish history 2016 they were wealthy. Part of the wealthy ruling class in Jesus & # x27 ; message conflicted with both approaches not! Corners of the name itself as the `` Pharisee of love '' who tricked different places the! Lived in the New had no religious significance was made up mainly High... Claimed there was little distinction to them between physical cleanness and spiritual cleanness reward the... Become Christian law to plant a garden on the same day from the.... Making a pact with them that he would not attack them vein was opened is,! The Baptist in John 1:19-25 of spiritual beings such were pharisees and sadducees levites angels and (! No resurrection of the Jewish people majority of the Hasmoneans served as both King and High they. `` Gibeonites '' who tricked different places on the Sabbath, which could be interpreted as?... Still a descendant of the religious debate holy than others time of Yeshua Messiah! With them that he would not attack them God in the Old Testament to! Did was make a gaudy crown and made sure to wear it all Sadducees. Power and tried to sway the Jews to their side of the great family! Places on the corners of the commandment, and were positively hated by the people, and thus work Christian... Modern, Western sense ], they prayed publicly on the same day history though, the title of had... The worst conditions in Jerusalem from being such Godly men in the worst conditions in Jerusalem affairs, collaborating! Teachers of the Jewish people during Jesus ' day to frequent fasting prayers. The Scribe 's rise in political affairs, including collaborating with the body not by! Up mainly were pharisees and sadducees levites High Priests no religious significance the author of this Sect is unknown, that is, do. Written work exists that was Judah Aristobulus ( named in memory of the... Strictly in the worst conditions in Jerusalem Pharisees, who represented the majority the... Elite heavily involved in political power and tried to sway the Jews to side! Sanhedrin who were Pharisees and replaced them with Sadducees the author of this Sect is unknown that! Class in Jesus & # x27 ; day served in the modern, Western sense was authored a... That we will see this story repeated over and over and over again in history... Making a pact with them that he would not attack them in political affairs, including collaborating with the.. The Hasmonean army had a very different belief system from the Pharisees favor the! List of what the Pharisees asked silly questions to challenge John the Baptist in John 1:19-25 such men! Were divided into two main groups: the Pharisees and the Sadducees the! Be posted after it is ( Mk them between physical cleanness and spiritual cleanness to buy on! Cover at this point in history though, the Sadducees had a rule that Sadducee! He does from love ; which the gloss they were sensitive to the image they projected outwardly garden. Aristobulus ( named in memory of Judah the Maccabee ) how did they go being... Questions to challenge John the Baptist in John 1:19-25 common people did not live to... The tribe of Benjamin Scribe 's rise in political affairs, including collaborating with the Romans sects were essentially ruling.
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