Millions may well have died-- well, millions did die in the course of the Civil War between the Taiping and the Qing dynasty-supported new armies. Kublai Khan The Taiping cause had sweeping appeal. They banded together to pay for his tuition and basically bet their life savings on this one poor Hakka kid passing. Meanwhile, the Taiping military forces set out on the Northern Expedition in May 1853. . If your heart is a volcano, how shall you expect flowers to bloom? Zeng Guofeng was considered the main architect of the victory and was awarded the honor of Marquis of the first rank. It was especially popular among the Hakka people, a sub-ethnicity of the Han, who had long felt marginalized economically and socially. It's at this point that l sh really hit the dioshn. In 1860, the Taiping were able to decisively defeat these forces in the Battle of Jiangnan. Shanghai was the center of Western political and commercial interest in China. Over the next few years, similar treaties would be signed with the French and the Americans. In 1845 he had a mystical crisis after reading a book of evangelical propaganda. In 1851, the visionary rebel leader Hong Reading it, Hong realized the old man in his vision had been God and the middle-aged man was Jesus. 
Nanjing was one of Chinas grandest cities and at the center of the wealthy Yangtze delta region. It was a millenarian movement against the ruling Manchu Qing dynasty. WebTaiping Rebellion Quotes. Hong also realized that he was Jesus' Chinese brother, put on Earth to exterminate all demons starting with the Qing. TheCambridge Research blogs tells how the Qing set up vast sieges of cities across all 18 provinces with a Taiping presence, cutting them off so effectively and for so long that the inhabitants were forced to resort to cannibalism. 
Lisa See, When talent fails, indignation writes the verse. WebTaiping Rebellion (1850-1864) | Asia for Educators | Columbia University. ." Spence, Jonathan D. God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan. Why was that? It was, quite possibly, the single bloodiest civil war ever in history. Because they were too busy fighting the Europeans, of course! Your history books likely taught you that the US Civil War was bad. And so Queen Victoria v. Abraham Lincoln: From Battlefield to Bedroom must sadly remain the preserve of historical fan fiction. Enjoy reading and share 15 famous quotes about Taiping Rebellion with everyone. WebThe Taiping Rebellion, one of the greatest upheavals in modern Chinese history, is a fascinating example of the interplay of Chinese and Western ideas in the middle of the nineteenth century. But it was also widely hated. They have adhered to the myth out of self-interest and a zealous desire to put down God. WebIt was the beginning of the taiping Rebellion, a 10 year revolt against Qing dynasty. It is under their standards that the [Western] allies choose to throw in their lot for humanity's defense. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Poor, fed-up, and done with this whole "being oppressed" thing, they formed a militia loyal to Hong known as the God Worshippers. Qing imperial troops had encircled and besieged Nanjing since 1853. These troubles were only worsened by opium addictions, which were endemic amongst Chinas population following the drugs wide-scale introduction into the country by the British East India Company. They were able to reach within 5 kilometers of Shanghai, but once again, the Qing and their Western allies were again able to repulse this attack. Today, this mostly forgotten civil war is generally estimated to have killed between 20 and 30 million people (via ThoughtCo.). Hong had failed these exams twice previously, and with this third setback, he plunged into a nervous breakdown. The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a conflict waged in China between the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. This revolution involved immense fights guided by specific religious convictions over the existing economic conditions regionally, and it lasted from 1850 to 1864. This column provides evidence that this cataclysmic event significantly shaped Chinas Malthusian transition and long-term development that followed, especially in areas where the experiences that stemmed from the rebellion led to better property rights, Gods Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan by Jonathan Spence. Hoping feels like you're a balloon that has a pinhole that slowly leaks air. Now, let's just very briefly explain that this was part of the great tradition of upward mobility in Imperial China, probably from about the year 1,000 or so all the way until the very early 20th century. He further came to the belief that he was Gods son, the brother of. The company was divided into Ku, groups of 25 families. But his teachings did find a solid audience among his fellow Hakka. | About Us The Qing dynasty was established in the mid-seventeenth century when an alliance of rebels seized power from the Ming dynasty, conquering Beijing in 1644. By the time the dust had settled, it's thought 100,000 people had been killed. Mao chose to downplay the religious element of the Taiping Rebellionand inspired Kim Il-sung (19121994) to do the same for the Donghak Revolution in Korea (189495), another religious uprising interpreted by Marxists as a primitive peasant form of class struggle. But it did fall. The Taiping troops were often victorious, but not always. Only in 1854, with the victories of his generals, Qibu and Peng Yulin, did he begin to believe in the real strength of his troops. Oberon "Holy revelations Druidman! Despite these successes, the country became increasingly unstable towards the end of the High Qing period. But it was put down at great cost to the Qing because they had let a particular sort of genie out of the bottle. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd. Millenarianism, article on Chinese Millenarian Movements, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/taiping, Millenarianism: Chinese Millenarian Movements, Chinese Religions, History of Science and Religion in China. In response, Hong and Feng became increasingly militant, with Hong describing the Manchus as demons who needed to be killed. Espaol: La Rebelin Taiping fue una guerra civil con grandes connotaciones religiosas y sociales, que ocurri en China entre los aos de 1851 y 1864, en las que se enfrentaron las fuerzas imperiales de la dinasta Qing y el Reino Celestial de la Gran Paz. The Society proved highly popular with the peasants and laborers of Guangxi province. They were guided by the exponent of the small Manchurian nobility Zeng Guofeng, that for twelve years (from 1852, when he received the assignment to move towards the Hunan, until the final victory on the rebels) fought the Taiping with alternate results. The economy also grew rapidly. The Qing authorities persecuted the nascent movement. The sixteen million of the First World War, over four million in Vietnam, forty million to the Mongol conquests, three and a half million to the Hundred Years War, the fall of Rome took seven million, the Napoleonic Wars took four million, twenty million to the Taiping Rebellion. The Society proved highly popular with the peasants and laborers of Guangxi province. Collection of top 9 famous quotes about Taiping Rebellion. Attacking with 20,000 in March 1861, they were able to occupy the Pudong district of the city but were pushed back out by imperial forces aided by the. When the U.S. Civil War also exploded, London was suddenly facing down the barrel of serious civil disorder in Britain's now-penniless northern cities. Ten times in Chinese history Taiping was chosen as the name of a reign period (nianhao ). The Taiping Rebellion against the Chinese Qing Dynasty was the bloodiest civil war in history. Hong Xiuquan may have died in 1864, but his memory was still killing millions over a century later. Sun Yat-Sen, the first President of the Republic and leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party, was inspired by the Revolution. 
The early days were characterized by some major defeats to make him meditate on suicide. Yet, unlike the Chinese Civil War, it is largely forgotten in the West, despite the involvement of French, British, and American officers. The agrarian system of the Chinese dynasty was proclaimed. The Qing dynasty would be successfully overthrown in 1911, with the establishment of the Republic of China. 
In response, Hong and Feng became increasingly militant, with Hong describing the Manchus as demons who needed to be killed. Without a doubt, World War II takes the top spot, ending an absolute minimum of 60 million lives and most likely several tens of millions more (via the National World War II Museum). These are universals, as is the fear women feel during times of political upheaval that occur in what could still be called the outside world of men--whether during the Taiping Rebellion so many years ago or today for women in Iraq, Afghanistan, the Sudan, or even right here in this country in the post-9/11 era. In 1856, Hong resolved the problem by having Yang, and his followers massacred. . Taiping forces took the city in March 1853, and Hong declared it to be the capital of his Heavenly Kingdom. You could be beheaded for singing raunchy songs, for smoking opium, for "casting amorous glances," and for having lustful thoughts. The second Taiping rebellion (18501865) was the most powerful of several great uprisings toward the end of the Manchu dynasty. The Taiping Rebellion () was a massive revolt in China from 1850 to 1864 between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Hakka-led All these movements, however, end up in a bloodbath. Oh, you wiped the sequels from your memory? By allowing the provincial leaders of China to set up their own armies, they had set the seeds for an acknowledgment that the central government no longer had the power to control things from Beijing, from the capital. It's pop quiz time. From this moment on, he claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus and to have received the order to eliminate the demons: the Manchurian dynasty. Well, that was the idea. He further came to the belief that he was Gods son, the brother of Jesus. (March 21, 2023). Encyclopedia.com. Occupying much of imperial Chinas Yangzi River heartland and costing more than twenty million lives, the Taiping Rebellion (1851-64) was no ordinary peasant revolt. Facing History and Ourselves, The Taiping Rebellion, video, last updated April 19, 2022. In June 1856, the Taipings made their last great success against the Manchurian dynasty. But the Qing also took a somewhat desperate, but rather important, move to save themselves. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. In retaliation, the Qing Dynasty armies performed their own mass killings of Taipings. This was especially the case in the southern provinces where the rebellion began. In a form of total war, both sides sought to deprive their enemies of as many resources as possible. This victory opened the door eastwards for a conquest of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. David A. Graff & Robin Higham eds. After the, (1839-1842), in which the Chinese militarys backwardness revealed itself in its decisive defeat by the British Empire, the Qing signed the Treaty of Nanking. It was renamed Tianjin, or Heavenly Capital. While in control of the city, the Taiping sought to cleanse it of its Manchu demons. Manchu men and women were executed, burned, and expelled from the city. It lasted from 1850 to 1864, although following the fall of Tianjing the last rebel army was not wiped out until The dynasty took the initiative of allowing the leaders of the provinces to set up their own armies. By the eighteenth century, the Qing dynasty was at the height of its power. He experienced delusions in which a heavenly father-figure appeared to him. These were pure, A-grade Alice in Wonderland fever dreams. Over in Europe, it was less the Christianity and more the radical nature of Taiping society that people warmed to. Encyclopedia of Religion. But Hong wasn't born an arch-manipulator. Buddy, it ain't got nothin' on the Taiping Rebellion. A key idea in world history is that when the rich get too rich and the poor get too poor, change will happen. Prazniak, Roxann. 
The most notorious massacre was at Anqing (pictured). Students read a personal narrative and reflect on the relationship between storytelling and identity development. The rebellion was a massive Civil War in Southern China from 1850 to 1864. You know how in the Matrix trilogy the machines deliberately created an escape valve in their simulation so the most desperate humans could blow off steam by leaving for Zion? Long story short, the British Empire went ahead and did what the British Empire always did and annexed as much Chinese territory as possible. The Daoist popular movements were opposed not to the ideal of Great Peace but to the dynasty that subscribed to it and had failed to bring it about. The Daoist philosopher Zhuangzi (fourth century bce) had called a government that conformed to the order of nature taiping, an idea that was in no contradiction to the Confucian definition of the term. Of Camel Kings and Other Things: Rural Rebels against Modernity in Late Imperial China. The victory of the Qing over the Taiping was very much of the pyrrhic kind. Despite the failure of the Northern Expedition, the Taiping Kingdom remained a force to be reckoned with. Students get an opportunity to give feedback about the class and communicate their needs and worries. The New York Times describes how Hong and his lieutenants would decide state policy in religious trances, then have their proclamations issued as poems that gangs of women were forced to memorize and sing in public. It was rejected because of its Daoist tenor. Hong finally eliminated the Northern King as well. Suddenly, a whole bunch of Chinese peasants were aware of Christianity in a way they'd never been before. Friedrich Engels, Time renders all people and all things silent. The high level of taxation, corrupt bureaucracy and the process of concentration of land ownership had aggravated the situation, causing further impoverishment of the peasant masses. On the 11th of January, in the city of Jiantian in Guangxi, Hong declared a new dynasty, the Taiping Tianguo or Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace. What's the second deadliest conflict in human history? Students explore the idea of community in order to identify its key aspects and deeper meaning. This would turn out to be something of a mistake. Yeah, we're talking about the First Opium War. As well as domestic issues, China was also increasingly dominated by the Western powers, particularly the British. These "new armies" were as efficient and as brutal as warlords tend to be. The Taiping Rebellion would begin in fairly banal circumstances. History tells how Hong was offering free land to potential followers and a kind of proto-Communism to live under, both of which would pretty clearly involve overthrowing the Qing. We're going to a more safe place." After failing his third exam, Hong was confined to bed, during which time he was wracked with visions. The population also grew rapidly, doubling from about 178 million in 1749 to almost 432 million in 1851. The meaning of man's existence is not to dominate over others, but to better humanity. When the British began clandestinely training and arming the Qing, China-watchers must've hoped that the insane bloodshed of the Taiping Rebellion was nearly over. Eventually, the Qing forces overwhelmed those of the Taiping and embarked on a campaign of looting and burning. Lanham, Md., 1999. Webold engraved illustration of soldiers of the taiping rebellion, taiping civil war or the taiping revolution, massive rebellion and civil war that was waged in china between the manchu-led qing dynasty and the han, hakka-led taiping heavenly kingdom (1850 - taiping rebellion stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images The result? Webvitasgo 4 yr. ago That tend to happen when you have millions fighting millions 34 HazelGhost 4 yr. ago More casualties than World War 1. Daoism had earlier found a place for the concept in its own philosophy. Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. From 2,000 followers in 1847, by 1850, the God Worshippers counted between 20,000 and 30,000. The New York Times describes how groups of fanatical true believers gathered in the last hours of the city and set themselves on fire rather than be captured. Confucius, seen as the main culprit of human corruption, is also uninvited in Hong. (It was a very crazy time period.) The Kingdom built up an armed force up to a million strong. The Taiping Rebellion: The Deadliest Civil War You've Never Heard Of, Hitler reacted by channeling his inner ultra-racist. Why? In 1864, by the end of the Taiping, there was a final bloody battle for the city of Nanjing, the third battle of Nanjing, in which hundreds of thousands died. In a nutshell, British merchants (mainly the East India Company) annoyed that China wouldn't buy their goods had begun smuggling opium into the Middle Kingdom. Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) Throughout history, China was plagued by internal revolts and Crucial in this was the recruitment of a peasant army in Hunan province. And so on and so on and so on, all the way back to Kate Atkinson, Fifty-five thousand, five hundred and seventy-three dead from Bomber Command. Sigh. The Han, an ethnic group that made up the majority of the population, had always resented the Qing, a Manchu dynasty hailing from Northeastern China, for overthrowing the Han Chinese Ming dynasty. Less than one in one hundred candidates passed the exams. Qing forces were reorganized by imperial command and began a reconquest of areas occupied by the Taiping. These coastal regions were the wealthiest provinces of Qing China and opened the door to Shanghai. In this phase, he lost his mystical religious vision. It all took place in a single country: China. A group of internal migrants who'd fled the Mongol invasions back in the 13th century, the Hakka were still treated as outsiders (via Britannica) and all sorts of ready to give their Qing overlords a kicking. He believed that these were manna provided by God. Jing has received traditi, Social Entrepreneur, Curator, and Documentary Filmmaker. In the spring of the following year, pursued by the imperials, they passed through the Hunan, descending the valley of the Yangzi Jiang, conquering cities and villages and recruiting new followers. Taiping Rebellion. If you've been paying attention to the dates, you might've thought to yourself, "Hey, all this is happening just before the U.S. Civil War." All Rights Reserved. The siege lasted almost two years, with the food situation becoming increasingly perilous. Over the next three days, they effectively razed Nanjing to the ground. The economy also grew rapidly. - St. Augustine John Dufresne, My boys wear red pants or crazy color tops. Explore resources that meet the Massachusetts History and Social Science Framework. | Privacy Policy Fine. Daoism, overview article; Millenarianism, article on Chinese Millenarian Movements. Spoiler alert: They would soon get the chance. The BBC describes how Hong went into the sky and met a great man with a long beard who told him to slay all the demons on Earth. One, as Facing History describes, Beijing allowed warlords to raise massive armies provided they use them to fight the Taipings. Although most people were stuck in their crappy lives, an exit did exist. This was a peasant movement led by disappointed candidates in the official examinations and unlettered men of native military and organizational genius who capitalized upon the economic distress of the time and the declining ability of the Manchu rulers to take the principal cities of the Yangtze valley and at one point to threaten Peking As Facing History describes, by 1850, Hong was preaching a message of economic opportunity that resonated with Imperial China's poor and downtrodden. At the same time, there was separation-- segregation between men and women. Taiping Revolution was a thorough political and spiritual disturbance that probably was the most important event in China during the 19th century. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The advance on Shanghai would be the turning point in the story of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. WebThe Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) was a pivotal event in modern Chinese history.This civil war was fought between the established Manchu Qing dynasty in power a Historiography of the Taiping Rebellion on JSTOR He will save the elect (zhongmin, the "seed people") from the demonic forces sent to destroy all evildoers, and will usher in the reign of Great Peace (as related in the Dongyuan shenzhou jing ). The Taiping surrounded Shanghai in January of 1861 and made two attempts to take it. They pressed it all the way up the Yangtze River, gathering more followers until some 2 million were marching behind Hong. WebA few key leaders of the Taiping Rebellion were killed: the East King Yang Xiuqing, the North King Wei Changhui and the Yan King Qin Rigang. This war would last for fifteen years and devastate the empire, setting it on the path to collapse. Following this event, they were driven out of the village. Eventually, the Qing realized this and sent soldiers to deal with the God Worshippers. Taiping Rebellion: Causes, Definition & Death Toll - History After briefly flirting with the idea of getting involved with the Confederacy, the British realized what a stupid idea that was, and they instead decided to intervene in China. Private commerce was suppressed and the communion of goods was promoted. Some speculate that he committed suicide by poison, but this cannot be proved. His reforms no longer reflected the ambitions of the peasant masses but were much closer to the middle-class classes. The reality was more Hong taking all the craziest fire and brimstone parts of the Old Testament and jettisoning all the "turn the other cheek" stuff. The Taiping Rebellion was a large-scale uprising in China against the ruling Qing Dynasty that occurred from 1850-1864. By the eighteenth century, the Qing dynasty was at the height of its power. Qing forces were reorganized by imperial command and began a reconquest of areas occupied by the Taiping. From 1774 with the beginning of the White Lotus revolt until 1873 with the end of the Hui and Miao revolts, China was, therefore, experiencing a century of internal struggles that broke out because of the strong discomfort of the population; the discomfort was often motivated by the demographic explosion, with consequent lack of food, and by the decay of the water maintenance system. The sixteen million of the First World War, over four million in Vietnam, forty million to the Mongol conquests, three and a half million to the Hundred Years War, the fall of Rome took seven million, the Napoleonic Wars took four million, twenty million to the Taiping Rebellion. But in the end, the Taiping threat to the Qing was finally put down. Still, though, people kept on trying people like Hong Xiuquan. A History of Chinese Civilization by Jacques Gernet. The whole of Chinese society. Scholars consider it to be the deadliest civil His interests span from late imperial China through to the First and Second World Wars, and the Cold War. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Five years later, Hong had just failed the Imperial Exam for a fourth time when a cousin gave him a pamphlet on Christianity. During the Han dynasty (206 bce220 ce), Great Peace became the social ideal of the official Confucian state doctrine (which it remains to this day). New World crops initially helped support this growth; however, their cultivation and the massive irrigation required eroded and degraded the arable land. Notably, unlike the Qing imperial forces, there were a number of women fighting amongst them. Following the First Opium War and Treaty of Nanking, France, Britain, and America had established concessions, essentially small territorial enclaves, within the city. The great Qing dynasty fell into civil war after decades of social discontent, economic strain, and increasing subjugation by the West. And even way over in Europe, a man called Karl Marx heard about the Taiping and thought that this sounded like the death knell for the old Chinese empire and the beginning of what he would think of as communism. Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. You could take them over and over again. Chinas cities grew, and new crops such as potatoes, corn, and peanuts were introduced from the New World. Socially and economically, the Taiping rebels came almost exclusively from the lowest classes. Many of the southern Taiping troops were former miners, especially those coming from the Zhuang. Very few Taiping rebels, even in the leadership caste, came from the imperial bureaucracy. Perhaps one of the most complex concepts in human history, peace has been used to refer to everything from absence of war to equilibrium t, Tailspin: Behind the Korean Airline Tragedy. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Barely had the ink dried on the treaty ending the Second Opium War than the U.S. was careering toward its own civil conflict in April 1861. This state, often referred to as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, would be a theocratic monarchy with Hong as the Heavenly King. And on the back of this, he suddenly had 1,000 followers, 10,000 followers, and even more followers who not only wanted to hear his religious message, but also helped him to form an army. It was a state in which all the concentric spheres of the organic Chinese universe, which contained nature as well as society, were perfectly attuned, communicated with each other in a balanced rhythm of timeliness, and brought maximum fulfillment to each living being. At the higher end, History notes that 70 million may have died in the Taiping Rebellion. Scientists have long known that Darwinism is false. Israelmore Ayivor, Way has never opened in front of me but a lot of way has closed behind me, and that has had the same guiding effect. Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111 the. Between men and women of several great uprisings toward the end, God... The most powerful of several great uprisings toward the end of the Taiping were able to decisively defeat forces. To cleanse it of its power the best way to format page and... 1860, the country became increasingly militant, with the Qing was finally down... A number of women fighting amongst them My boys wear red pants or crazy tops! But to better humanity Taiping Revolution was a millenarian movement against the ruling Qing dynasty would be a theocratic with... Center of Western political and commercial interest in China during the 19th century height its! Of areas occupied by the West imperial exam for a fourth time when a cousin gave a... Have died in the leadership caste, came from the Zhuang as facing history and Ourselves, Qing! You 've never Heard of, Hitler reacted by channeling his inner ultra-racist previously, and new such... A nervous breakdown channeling his inner ultra-racist and identity development 's Chinese:. And economically, the Qing forces overwhelmed those of the first Opium war your heart is a volcano, shall... Whole bunch of Chinese peasants were aware of Christianity in a single country: China | University. In March 1853, and Documentary Filmmaker the existing economic conditions regionally, and this. 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